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Acta Physica Sinica

Robustness of microwave shielding for ultracold molecules under mismatched microwave and magnetic fields

Fulin Deng

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

近年来，微波屏蔽技术在超冷分子领域取得了重大突破.通过施加合适的微波场，超冷分子在碰撞过程中保持稳定，分子间的相互作用也能得到方便有效的调节.为实现良好的微波屏蔽，除了微波场外，通常还需要施加较强的磁场.然而，在当前实验中，微波场与磁场常常处于失配状态.本文通过数值求解失配微波场和磁场下的超冷分子行为，系统论证了这种失配对屏蔽效应的影响极为微弱，这同时也解释了当前常用的无内态结构的刚性转子模型可靠性的物理起源.

DOI
10.7498/aps.75.20260769

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近年来，微波屏蔽技术在超冷分子领域取得了重大突破.通过施加合适的微波场，超冷分子在碰撞过程中保持稳定，分子间的相互作用也能得到方便有效的调节.为实现良好的微波屏蔽，除了微波场外，通常还需要施加较强的磁场.然而，在当前实验中，微波场与磁场常常处于失配状态.本文通过数值求解失配微波场和磁场下的超冷分子行为，系统论证了这种失配对屏蔽效应的影响极为微弱，这同时也解释了当前常用的无内态结构的刚性转子模型可靠性的物理起源.
We use microwaves to engineer repulsive long-range interactions between ultracold polar molecules. The resulting shielding suppresses various loss mechanisms and provides large elastic cross sections. Hyperfine interactions limit the shielding under realistic conditions, but a magnetic field allows suppression of the losses to below 10^{-14} cm^{3} s^{-1}. The mechanism and optimum conditions for shielding differ substantially from those proposed by Gorshkov et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 073201 (2008)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.101.073201], and do not require cancellation of the long-range dipole-dipole interaction that is vital to many applications.