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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Effect of optical lattice and microwave fields on the formation and confinement of ultracold molecules

Svetlana Kotochigova, Eite Tiesinga

Published May 18, 2006• 0 citations
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Collision dynamics of molecules and rotational excitons in an ultracold gas confined by an optical lattice

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Interaction-induced dimension reduction for bound states in microwave-shielded ultracold molecules

Haitian Wang, Tingting Shi, Xiaoling Cui

Microwave-shielded ultracold molecules provide a powerful platform for exploring quantum physics driven by long-range interactions. However, few-molecule bound states in fully three-dimensional (3D) environments remains largely unexplored. Here we show that the tetratomic and hexatomic bound states of 3D ultracold molecules dressed by a single elliptic microwave field can be accurately described by effective one-dimensional (1D) models incorporating high-order angular fluctuations. We identify the validity region of such 1D description in the parameter plane of microwave field ellipticity and coupling strength. The hard-core character of 1D models enables a duality between bosonic and fermionic molecules in real and spectral space, while their momentum distributions remain distinct. Our results demonstrate an effective dimension reduction purely due to the intrinsic interaction anisotropy rather than any external confinement. Extending to large systems, our results suggest a self-bound single-molecule array as the ground state of both bosonic and fermionic molecular gases. The authors establish an effective 1D description for 3D ultracold molecules dressed by an elliptic microwave field. The revealed tetratomic and hexatomic bound states exhibit an unexpected Bose-Fermi duality and point to the formation of self-bound single-molecule array when extending to large systems of both bosonic and fermionic molecules.

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Ultracold Atoms and Molecules in Optical Lattices

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The research field of cold and ultracold atoms and molecules is rapidly growing and expanding into different areas of research such as quantum information science and condensed matter physics. The success of this field is due to the possibility of precisely controlling and manipulating atoms and molecules at low temperatures. The progress in this field relies on the development of new methods for controlling collisional dynamics and interactions of particles with electromagnetic fields. This Thesis describes research on modification of the collisional dynamics of ultracold atoms and molecules by external laser and microwave fields as well as new methods for the detection of weak electromagnetic fields. First, we study the scattering of atoms and molecules confined in a 2D geometry by optical lattices. In particular we develop a theory for scattering in 2D and derive the equations for the threshold dependence of the collision cross sections. We show that inelastic processes and chemical reactions can be suppressed under strong confinement in one dimension and can be controlled by varying the orientation of the external field with respect to the plane of confinement. Next, we present a rigorous theory of low-temperature molecular collisions in the presence of a microwave field. The microwave field can theoretically be used to trap and control polar molecules. The molecular collisions may lead to trap loss and decoherence. We develop a rigorous quantum theory for molecular scattering in the presence of microwave fields. We study inelastic, spin-changing molecular collisions and Feshbach resonances in the presence of microwave fields. We demonstrate that inelastic collisions accompanied by absorption of microwave photons can be significant. The detection of weak electromagnetic fields is very important for various applications ranging from fundamental measurements to biomagnetic imaging, and for tests of microwave chips. We present a method for the detection of weak electromagnetic fields in a wide range of frequencies from sub-kHz to THz with ultracold polar molecules. We show that using ultracold molecules one can achieve the sensitivity of two orders of magnitude larger than with a similar method based on ultracold Rb atoms.

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Ultracold nonreactive molecules in an optical lattice

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Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Mar 3, 2015•0 citations

Quantum Many-Body Physics of Ultracold Molecules in Optical Lattices

Michael L. Wall

Springer theses•Jan 1, 2015•13 citations
Microwave-shielded ultracold molecules provide a powerful platform for exploring quantum physics driven by long-range interactions. However, few-molecule bound states in fully three-dimensional (3D) environments remains largely unexplored. Here we show that the tetratomic and hexatomic bound states of 3D ultracold molecules dressed by a single elliptic microwave field can be accurately described by effective one-dimensional (1D) models incorporating high-order angular fluctuations. We identify the validity region of such 1D description in the parameter plane of microwave field ellipticity and coupling strength. The hard-core character of 1D models enables a duality between bosonic and fermionic molecules in real and spectral space, while their momentum distributions remain distinct. Our results demonstrate an effective dimension reduction purely due to the intrinsic interaction anisotropy rather than any external confinement. Extending to large systems, our results suggest a self-bound single-molecule array as the ground state of both bosonic and fermionic molecular gases. The authors establish an effective 1D description for 3D ultracold molecules dressed by an elliptic microwave field. The revealed tetratomic and hexatomic bound states exhibit an unexpected Bose-Fermi duality and point to the formation of self-bound single-molecule array when extending to large systems of both bosonic and fermionic molecules.
The research field of cold and ultracold atoms and molecules is rapidly growing and expanding into different areas of research such as quantum information science and condensed matter physics. The success of this field is due to the possibility of precisely controlling and manipulating atoms and molecules at low temperatures. The progress in this field relies on the development of new methods for controlling collisional dynamics and interactions of particles with electromagnetic fields. This Thesis describes research on modification of the collisional dynamics of ultracold atoms and molecules by external laser and microwave fields as well as new methods for the detection of weak electromagnetic fields. First, we study the scattering of atoms and molecules confined in a 2D geometry by optical lattices. In particular we develop a theory for scattering in 2D and derive the equations for the threshold dependence of the collision cross sections. We show that inelastic processes and chemical reactions can be suppressed under strong confinement in one dimension and can be controlled by varying the orientation of the external field with respect to the plane of confinement. Next, we present a rigorous theory of low-temperature molecular collisions in the presence of a microwave field. The microwave field can theoretically be used to trap and control polar molecules. The molecular collisions may lead to trap loss and decoherence. We develop a rigorous quantum theory for molecular scattering in the presence of microwave fields. We study inelastic, spin-changing molecular collisions and Feshbach resonances in the presence of microwave fields. We demonstrate that inelastic collisions accompanied by absorption of microwave photons can be significant. The detection of weak electromagnetic fields is very important for various applications ranging from fundamental measurements to biomagnetic imaging, and for tests of microwave chips. We present a method for the detection of weak electromagnetic fields in a wide range of frequencies from sub-kHz to THz with ultracold polar molecules. We show that using ultracold molecules one can achieve the sensitivity of two orders of magnitude larger than with a similar method based on ultracold Rb atoms.