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IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine

Optical Wireless Communication from Information Security Perspectives: Engineering Case Studies

Zixian Wei, Rui Deng, Binbin Zhu, Chen Chen, Yanbing Yang, Changyuan Yu

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/mvt.2026.3710587

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Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is an efficient approach that can improve spectrum utilization and support massive connectivity for next-generation wireless networks. However, over a wireless channel, the superimposed NOMA signals are highly susceptible to eavesdropping, potentially leading to severe leakage of confidential information. In this article, we unleash the potential of network interference and exploit it constructively to enhance physi-cal-layer security in NOMA networks. In particular, three different types of network interference, including artificial noise, specifically-designed jamming signals, and inter-user interference, are well engineered to intentionally reduce information leakage while mitigating the effect on signal reception quality of legitimate users, thereby significantly enhancing the transmission security of NOMA. Furthermore, we propose interference engineering strategies for more advanced full-duplex NOMA, intelligent reflecting surface NOMA, cognitive radio NOMA, and multi-cell NOMA networks, and discuss several open research problems and challenges, which could inspire innovative interference engineering designs for secure NOMA communications.
Security has emerged as one of the critical requirements in future wireless networks. Unlike traditional cryptography-based security, physical layer security (PLS) exploits various features of the random wireless channel to secure not only the information being communicated but the whole communication process from any type of attack. Future wireless networks are envisioned to feature new technologies such as re-configurable intelligent surfaces, massive multiple input multiple output, and sensing, to accommodate the emerging use-cases. Both, the new technologies and the new use-cases have been found to enrich the channel characteristics by unveiling some new channel features which can be readily exploited to facilitate PLS. This article surveys these new channel features to reveal their potential for PLS implementation. In the course of the article, the assessments of important qualities while selecting a certain channel feature for the PLS application are discussed. The importance of the channel control concept and sensing technologies that facilitate the accessibility of certain channel features are highlighted from the PLS perspective. Security attacks aimed at channel characteristics, rather than the communication itself, in order to disrupt PLS implementations are also discussed. Finally, the article summarizes the possible research direction for channel-based PLS.
Proposed paper presents a novel hybrid subject in optical wireless communications (OWC) in contribution to IoT devices of smart grids within smart sustainable cities (SSC). OWC and IoT are among the noticeably developing fields being used in smart cities, e-commerce, and even e-health. Accordingly, their constructions are entirely investigated. Also, the Metaverse virtual world, its infrastructures, and applications are expressed to clarify the OWC, IoT applications, and perspectives inherited with this virtual world. Moreover, the important factor in IoT devices, SSCs, and the Metaverse is ultra-secure communication. To cover this subject, quantum technology, quantum cryptography, as well as, quantum key distribution (QKD), and quantum IoT (IoT) for much more secure communication between IoT devices are represented. As another methodology, quantum neural networks (QNN), and their application in secure communication of IoT, and OWC systems are explained. Finally, quantum-based systems were compared with other regular methods and concluded quantum technology-based systems can have the potential to be implemented with optical wireless communications (OWC), IoT devices, and artificial intelligence (AI) to increase the security, and efficiency of communications in IoT constructions of smart sustainable cities (SSCs) elements.