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IEEE International Conference on Network Infrastructure and Digital Content (IC-NIDC)

Secure Optical Wireless Links with Dynamic Beam and Diversity Receiver

Jupeng Ding, Chih Lin I, Jintao Wang, Hui Yang, Lili Wang

Published Nov 17, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Optical wireless communication (OWC) has emerged as one promising candidate to mitigate the frequency spectrum crisis. Due to the broadcast nature of OWC channel, physical layer security (PLS) techniques have been considered and explored to improve the transmission confidentiality of OWC links. However, almost all current schemes focus on scenarios including multiple transmitters and fail to match the scenarios with limited transmitters, even single transmitter. For addressing this issue, in this work, the dynamic optical beam based PLS enhancement scheme is proposed. Unlike conventional Lambertian beam based technique paradigm, the above scheme tentatively utilize the commercially available non-Lambertian beam to configure the secure OWC links. Numerical results show that, compared with about 1.10 bps/Hz average secrecy capacity (SC) of the conventional configuration, up to 1.93 bps/Hz average SC gain could be provided by the proposed dynamic beam scheme. Moreover, this potential gain will be increased to about 2.39 bps/Hz when the diversity combing is available for the legitimate user receiver.

DOI
10.1109/ic-nidc54101.2021.9660496

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Optical wireless communication (OWC) has emerged as one promising candidate to mitigate the frequency spectrum crisis. Due to the broadcast nature of OWC channel, physical layer security (PLS) techniques have been considered and explored to improve the transmission confidentiality of OWC links. However, almost all current schemes focus on scenarios including multiple transmitters and fail to match the scenarios with limited transmitters, even single transmitter. For addressing this issue, in this work, the dynamic optical beam based PLS enhancement scheme is proposed. Unlike conventional Lambertian beam based technique paradigm, the above scheme tentatively utilize the commercially available non-Lambertian beam to configure the secure OWC links. Numerical results show that, compared with about 1.10 bps/Hz average secrecy capacity (SC) of the conventional configuration, up to 1.93 bps/Hz average SC gain could be provided by the proposed dynamic beam scheme. Moreover, this potential gain will be increased to about 2.39 bps/Hz when the diversity combing is available for the legitimate user receiver.
Due to the broadcast nature of visible light communications (VLC) channel, physical layer security (PLS) techniques have been considered to improve the transmission confidentiality of VLC links. However, almost all current schemes merely work with multiple distributed transmitters and fail to serve the scenarios with centralized transmitters, even single transmitter. For addressing this issue, in this work, the dynamic inclined optical beam-based PLS enhancement scheme is proposed. Unlike conventional Lambertian beam-based technique paradigm, the above scheme utilizes the commercially available typical non-Lambertian beams to form the secure VLC links. Numerical results show that, compared with the conventional static Lambertian configuration, up to 5.52 bps/Hz average secrecy capacity gain could be derived via the proposed dynamic scheme using two inclined candidate beams. Moreover, this potential gain will be further elevated to about 6.63 bps/Hz when up to four candidate beams are available at the transmitter.
Visible light communications (VLC) techniques are viewed as promising candidates for the upcoming B5G&6G mobile wireless networks. Due to the broadcast nature of VLC channel, physical layer security (PLS) techniques have been considered and explored to improve the confidentiality of VLC transmission. Nevertheless, almost all current designs focus on application scenarios including sufficient transmitters and fail to match the scenarios with limited, even just two transmitters. For addressing this challenge, in this article, multiple optical beam switching scheme is proposed. Unlike conventional Lambertian beam based technique paradigm, the given scheme tentatively utilize two asymmetry non-Lambertian beams to configure each VLC transmitter. Numerical results show that, for the typical center legitimate receiver, compared with about 0.92 bps/Hz average secrecy capacity (SC) of the conventional Lambertian beam configuration, up to 5.55 bps/Hz average SC gain is acquired through the proposed beam switching scheme. Moreover, this potential gain will be enhanced to about 5.86 bps/Hz when three candidate non-Lambertian beams are available for each transmitter.
As the existing radio-frequency (RF) networks cannot meet the ever-increasing data rate demand, the optical wireless communication (OWC), which uses a wide untapped unregulated spectrum, has been proposed as a promising technology to overcome the RF spectrum limitations. On the other hand, with the increasing demand for high data rate and the prevalence of the broadcast-nature networks, researchers have recently come up with new mechanisms to improve secure communication using physical layer techniques. Compared to RF networks, the OWC networks are more secure and less susceptible to the interception because of the small coverage provided by LEDs, and because they work properly only in the presence of the line-of-sight (LoS) components. However, the security in OWC networks is still an issue, especially in visible light communication (VLC) when the transmitted information can be accessed by multiple users as in public areas, meeting rooms, laboratories, and libraries. That means potential eavesdroppers may be existing to gather confidential messages. This paper reviews all the conducted work on physical layer security (PLS) in two types of OWC networks, which are the VLC and free space optical (FSO) networks. Furthermore, the paper proposes several open problems in these networks to optimize and enhance the security performance.
Abstract To a large extent, the physical layer security (PLS) performance of a visible light communication (VLC) system is affected by light source radiation characteristics. Previous works are limited to well‐known Lambertian beam configurations, which fail to support flexible coordinated coverage. Unlike existing works, this article proposes one secrecy capacity (SC) enhancement scheme based on asymmetric non‐Lambertian optical beam cooperation. Without loss of generality, this article presents a numerical analysis of coordinated and non‐coordinated PLS performance in a typical indoor application scenario. Compared with a non‐coordinated benchmark, the numerical results illustrate that the proposed cooperation‐based scheme could induce about 0.88 bps/Hz average SC gain without a transmission power increase. Therefore, non‐Lambertian beam cooperation could be viewed as one promising secure VLC performance enhancement technology.
Optical wireless communications (OWC) and its potential to solve physical layer security (PLS) issues are becoming important research areas in 6G communications systems. In this paper, an overview of PLS in visible light communications (VLC), is presented. Then, two new PLS techniques based on generalized space shift keying (GSSK) modulation with spatial constellation design (SCD) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) cooperative relaying are introduced. In the first technique, the PLS of the system is enhanced by the appropriate selection of a precoding matrix for randomly activated light emitting diodes (LEDs). With the aid of a legitimate user's (Bob's) channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter (CSIT), the bit error ratio (BER) of Bob is minimized while the BER performance of the potential eavesdroppers (Eves) is significantly degraded. In the second technique, superposition coding with uniform signaling is used at the transmitter and relays. The design of secure beamforming vectors at the relay nodes along with NOMA techniques is used to enhance PLS in a VLC system. Insights gained from the improved security levels of the proposed techniques are used to discuss how PLS can be further improved in future generation communication systems by using VLC.
Underwater wireless optical communications are a developing alternative to meet the increasing need for high-speed connections in oceans and seas. Optical wireless communications (OWCs) are more secure and less susceptible to eavesdropping compared to acoustic communications or radio frequency (RF) communications due to their narrow optical beam coverage and reliance on line-of-sight components. Nevertheless, the existence of a hostile eavesdropper can compromise the level of confidentiality achieved by OWC networks. This article provides a concise overview of the latest research conducted on physical layer security (PLS) in underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC). Furthermore, this work presents the relevant unresolved matters, approaches for enhancing secrecy performance, and potential areas for further research.