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IEEE Wireless Communications Letters

Secure Communication of Mixed FSO/RF Systems in SAGINs Under Imperfect CSI and Dual-Eavesdropping

Y Q Li, Yongjun Li, Jun Zhang, Kai Zhang, 赵尚弘 Zhao Shanghong

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/lwc.2026.3715277

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Physical-Layer Security for Mixed η\etaη – μ\muμ and M\mathcal {M}M -Distribution Dual-Hop RF/FSO Systems
In this correspondence, we investigate the physical-layer security of a mixed radio frequency/free space optical (RF/FSO) dual-hop communication system for both fixed-and variable-gain relaying schemes. More specifically, we only assume that the eavesdropping happens at the RF link because the optical link has high security. We assume that all RF channels suffer from η-μfading, while the FSO link experiences M-distributed fading. Then, we derive some analytical results for the average secrecy rate and the secrecy outage probability.
This paper investigates a mixed Radio Frequency (RF) / Free-Space Optical (FSO) communication system under an FSO eavesdropping environment and studies the system’s Physical Layer Security (PLS) performance optimization problem. A single-antenna eavesdropper trying to eavesdrop on RF information is situated in the RF link, and another eavesdropper with an optical receiving device is located near the destination node in the FSO link. For the above system model, the Strict Positive Secrecy Capacity (SPSC) and the Security Outage Probability (SOP) closed-form expressions of the RF/FSO mixed communication system were derived, and the expressions were validated for accuracy using the Monte Carlo method. Simulation analysis assessed the impact of different key factors on the system’s PLS performance, which establishes a solid theoretical foundation for applying PLS to mixed RF/FSO systems in FSO eavesdropping scenarios.