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International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN)

Security performance research of multi-user scheduling mixed RF/FSO system based on FSO eavesdropping environment

Yiyi Yang, Dexian Yan, Yi Wang

Published Jul 28, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper investigates a mixed Radio Frequency (RF) / Free-Space Optical (FSO) communication system under an FSO eavesdropping environment and studies the system’s Physical Layer Security (PLS) performance optimization problem. A single-antenna eavesdropper trying to eavesdrop on RF information is situated in the RF link, and another eavesdropper with an optical receiving device is located near the destination node in the FSO link. For the above system model, the Strict Positive Secrecy Capacity (SPSC) and the Security Outage Probability (SOP) closed-form expressions of the RF/FSO mixed communication system were derived, and the expressions were validated for accuracy using the Monte Carlo method. Simulation analysis assessed the impact of different key factors on the system’s PLS performance, which establishes a solid theoretical foundation for applying PLS to mixed RF/FSO systems in FSO eavesdropping scenarios.

DOI
10.1109/icocn67308.2025.11145376

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This paper investigates a mixed Radio Frequency (RF) / Free-Space Optical (FSO) communication system under an FSO eavesdropping environment and studies the system’s Physical Layer Security (PLS) performance optimization problem. A single-antenna eavesdropper trying to eavesdrop on RF information is situated in the RF link, and another eavesdropper with an optical receiving device is located near the destination node in the FSO link. For the above system model, the Strict Positive Secrecy Capacity (SPSC) and the Security Outage Probability (SOP) closed-form expressions of the RF/FSO mixed communication system were derived, and the expressions were validated for accuracy using the Monte Carlo method. Simulation analysis assessed the impact of different key factors on the system’s PLS performance, which establishes a solid theoretical foundation for applying PLS to mixed RF/FSO systems in FSO eavesdropping scenarios.
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This paper presents research on the physical layer security performance of a multi-user mixed RF/FSO system based on optimal user interference. In this system model, the RF link experiences Rayleigh fading, and the FSO link follows the Fischer-Snedecor F distribution. The system adopts a double-hop-decode-and-forward (DF) relay scheme. We also consider the effect of directivity errors in the FSO link and assume the presence of an illegal eavesdropper with a single antenna near the RF link. The source node controls the energy collection and information forwarding using a multi-user structure based on simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). We select the optimal user to jam the eavesdropper's communication. We derive closed-form expressions for the mixed RF/FSO communication system's secrecy outage probability (SOP) and average secrecy capacity (ASC). Monte Carlo simulations are performed to verify the accuracy of these expressions. By formulating and simulating the simulation system, the impact of various important factors on the mixed system's physical layer security (PLS) is analyzed. The analysis indicates that increasing the number of antennas and interference signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the optimal user, the time allocation factor and energy conversion efficiency, and the improvement in the quality of atmospheric channels with improved weather will significantly enhance this system's PLS.
In this paper, the secrecy performance of the physical layer security (PLS) of the hybrid free-space optical/radio frequency (FSO/RF) communication system is analyzed. The transmission protocol of the considered system is performed under the eavesdropper's attempt to overhear the RF link between the transmitter and legitimate receiver of the hybrid system. The FSO link is characterized by Málaga-M distribution while the RF links are modeled by Nakagami-m distribution. The two practical eavesdropping modes considered in this paper include: colluding and non-colluding. Exact closed-form expressions for the system's secrecy outage probability (SOP), the asymptotic of the SOP (SOP∞), the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC), the average secrecy capacity (ASC), and the asymptotic of the ASC (ASC∞), are specifically derived under the influence of both eavesdropper modes. Our derived analytical expressions present an efficient tool to investigate the impact of some channel parameters on the secrecy performance, namely the fading severity of the RF links, atmospheric turbulence severity, pointing error of the FSO link, number of eavesdroppers, and the power of the eavesdropper links. The results show that the increase of the eavesdroppers' number under both modes profoundly degrades the considered system secrecy performance. The accuracy of the numerical results obtained is validated by Monte-Carlo simulations.
In this paper, we investigate the secrecy performance of multiuser (MU) single-input multiple-output (SIMO) mixed radio frequency (RF)/free space optical (FSO) relay network with opportunistic user scheduling and multiple eavesdropping attacks. The considered system includes multiple users, one amplify-and-froward (AF) relay, one destination and multiple eavesdroppers. The users are connected with a multi-antenna relay through RF links and the relay is connected with the destination through an FSO link. Maximal ratio combining (MRC) scheme is used at the relay node to combine the received signals at its different antennas. The RF/FSO channels are assumed to follow Nakagami-m/Gamma-Gamma fading models with considering the effect of pointing errors. In particular, we derive closed- form expressions for the exact and asymptotic outage probabilities. The asymptotic outage results are then used to obtain the optimal RF transmission power based on the dominant link between the RF and FSO links. Then, the considered system secrecy performance is investigated in the presence of multi- eavesdroppers where exact closed-form expression for the intercept probability is derived. Finally, a cooperative jamming model is proposed along with power allocation to enhance the system secrecy performance. Monte-Carlo simulations are provided to validate the achieved exact and asymptotic results.
This paper proposes ahybrid RF/FSO system based on RIS reflection to interfere with eavesdroppers in FSO eavesdropping scenarios, and analyzes and optimizes the physical layer security performance of this communication system. In this work, the RF link experiences Nakagama-m distribution, there is a single-antenna eavesdropper E1trying to eavesdrop on the RF link information, and the RIS reflection friendly interference signal is used to interfere with the RF link. The FSO link follows the Málaga (M) distribution. There is a single-antenna passive eavesdropper with optical eavesdropping equipment near the destination node to capture the optical signal sent by the relay and eavesdrop on the information. Based on the above communication model, we derive the Strict Positive Secrecy Capacity (SPSC) and Secure Outage Probability (SOP) under double eavesdropping, and use the Monte Carlo method to verify the correctness of the expressions. The impact of various parameters in the system on safety performance was analyzed. The results showed that the interference signal-to-noise ratio, time switching factor and energy conversion efficiency of the wireless power supply jammer, the increase in the number of RIS reflective elements, good weather conditions and better detection methods, etc. All influencing factors can improve physical layer security performance, which also lays a theoretical foundation for the application of hybrid RF/FSO systems where eavesdropping exists in both RF links and FSO links.
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