Abstract General relativity and quantum mechanics form two incompatible cornerstones of modern physics, artificially separating macroscopic and microscopic motion rules and attributing the trajectory uncertainty of microscopic particles to the intrinsic random property of particles. This paper takes the spatial compression coefficient as the core continuous variable to build a unified physical interpretation framework. The fundamental difference between macroscopic and microscopic states lies only in the continuous change of spatial compression coefficient, which determines the environmental density of universal irregular minimal matter units filling the whole space. Minimal matter units are irregular in shape with discrete moving speeds and collision forces. Microscopic particles have a similar scale to fundamental units, and continuous unobservable collisions lead to trajectory dispersion observed as randomness, while multi-directional collision disturbances on macroscopic objects offset each other to form deterministic motion. Wind tunnel multi-scale particle flow is adopted as a qualitative analogy to verify the medium disturbance mechanism. The theory eliminates artificial high/low-energy boundaries and the macro-micro rule division in conventional physics, and establishes a deterministic unified mass-energy theoretical system relying on spatial compression coefficient and omnipresent fundamental matter units. Keywords: spatial compression coefficient; spacetime density; universal fundamental matter units; microscopic particle trajectory; quantum uncertainty; medium disturbance; wind tunnel fluid analogy; unified mass-energy theory
Abstract General relativity and quantum mechanics form two incompatible cornerstones of modern physics, artificially separating macroscopic and microscopic motion rules and attributing the trajectory uncertainty of microscopic particles to the intrinsic random property of particles. This paper takes the spatial compression coefficient as the core continuous variable to build a unified physical interpretation framework. The fundamental difference between macroscopic and microscopic states lies only in the continuous change of spatial compression coefficient, which determines the environmental density of universal irregular minimal matter units filling the whole space. Minimal matter units are irregular in shape with discrete moving speeds and collision forces. Microscopic particles have a similar scale to fundamental units, and continuous unobservable collisions lead to trajectory dispersion observed as randomness, while multi-directional collision disturbances on macroscopic objects offset each other to form deterministic motion. Wind tunnel multi-scale particle flow is adopted as a qualitative analogy to verify the medium disturbance mechanism. The theory eliminates artificial high/low-energy boundaries and the macro-micro rule division in conventional physics, and establishes a deterministic unified mass-energy theoretical system relying on spatial compression coefficient and omnipresent fundamental matter units. Keywords: spatial compression coefficient; spacetime density; universal fundamental matter units; microscopic particle trajectory; quantum uncertainty; medium disturbance; wind tunnel fluid analogy; unified mass-energy theory
Aiming at the quantum mechanics wave function description probability feature, statistical interpretation, randomicity, uncertainty, nonlocality and agnosticism etc fundamental principles and concepts, based on the mass-space interaction, mass-space space-time view, microscopic mass-energy systems correlating with space-time model etc principles and theories, and the quantum entanglement particle experiments etc facts, present the matter-ordering-energy conservation laws and the Dong Pei innovating group interpretation of quantum mechanics. Simultaneously indicate: In the universe there exists the ordering- and disordering-energy matter, together known as matter. Existing the absolute space and absolute time. The absolute space-time is continuous. Matter and the absolute space-time together create and compose the objective world. The objective world is a harmonious and unified whole. Physical laws are completely unified. The objective world and matter are all finite. Matter exists, evolves and moves in the absolute space-time. Interactions are the most essential and most root basic attribute of matter. The interaction among matter is the mass-space interaction. The mass-space interaction is continuous and stable, is not random and intermittent. Macroscopic and microscopic regions all observe the identical physical laws. Elementary particles and they compose the microscopic mass-energy systems are all the ordering-energy matter, their mass-energy space-time is a interdependent whole, their feature, state, structure and motion laws are all entirely determined by the mass-space interaction, correspond with the determinism and causality, the motion state and feature, motion orbitals, position and speed of particles in the absolute space-time are all absolutely determined and could be measured exactly, their quantum states could be approximately described by the wave function of quantum mechanics. The wave functions are the simplified mathematical function approximate expression of quantum system states of adopted interaction, can be used to calculate the correlative physical quantities. The wave functions could approximately describe the state of the mass-energy space-time whole of a microscopic mass-energy system with the mass-space interaction acting and continuously moving. An eigenstate just is the state making the system energy minimum and in rather stable existence. Scientific theories are the abstract simplified approximate expression for the essential of natural phenomena. Physical theory is the abstract simplified approximate representation for the matter structure and its motion laws. Whereas the mathematical formulation then is the further simplified approximate representation for physical contents. All of theories, include quantum mechanics and relativity, only when the assumed approximate condition is satisfied, just are the applied correct scientific theory, could describe the objective world good enough but not exactly. Develop scientific theory, correctly cognize and reasonably interpret the objective world, without the end.
Abstract This paper takes quantum coherence as a unifying framework to establish a streamlined physical model that spans microscopic quantum phenomena, macroscopic motion, the four fundamental interactions, and conscious perception. Changes in an object’s motion state are fundamentally the transition and reconstruction of the system’s overall coherent mode. Electromagnetism, gravity, friction, contact forces, and the strong/weak interactions are all forms of coherent coupling at different scales. Macroscopic continuous motion is a sensory illusion of high-speed transitions between discrete coherent states, synthesized into a smooth temporal sequence by consciousness. Decoherence corresponds to the release of phase constraints, accompanied by energy release. From a dimensional perspective, the high-dimensional quantum coherent field is the underlying reality, and the macroscopic classical world is its low-dimensional projection after decoherence and conscious integration. Macroscopic physics is a simplified version of quantum physics, just as conventional calculus is a simplified version of its deeper mathematical foundations. This framework achieves a unified explanation of matter, force, energy, consciousness, and spacetime dimensions, with rigorous logical simplicity and self-consistency.
ABSTRACT Over the past century, modern physics has been bifurcated into the theory of relativity explaining the macro-world and quantum mechanics dealing with the micro-world. In doing so, it has forfeited mechanical causality, relying instead on mathematical probabilities and geometric optical illusions. This paper meticulously identifies the epistemological blind spots and voids of conventional physics and proposes 'Jung Sung-mo's Grand Unified Dynamics,' which penetrates all forces and motions of the universe with a single, overarching mechanical principle. First, this study establishes the 'Theory of Absolute Intrinsic Physical Metric Relativity,' which posits that every object in the universe independently possesses its own intrinsic unit time (T) and unit distance (L). By introducing the independent metrics (Tc, Lc) of a 'Third-party Omniscient Observer ( C)' into the formulation, we present an algebraic formula for deriving relative velocity, thereby completely and mechanically dismantling the inherent contradictions and the Twin Paradox of Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity. Second, the reality of quantum phenomena, previously dismissed as mere probability clouds, is explicitly elucidated through a novel three-step verification framework: [Theoretical Formulation → Algebraic Equation Derivation → 3D Parametric Simulation Verification]. Within the Dynamic Field formed by the intrinsic motion of particles within the Static Field lattice medium, the mechanical cumulative density of multi-dimensionally superimposed and rotating particles is mathematically formulated. In particular, it visually and dynamically demonstrates via a computer simulation (Appendix A) that the geometric configurations of s, p, d, f orbitals—long considered an enigma in quantum mechanics—are not mathematical probability functions, but rather the pure mechanical outcomes of a 'Teardrop Envelope Trajectory' designed for friction avoidance between particles and a 'Surface of Revolution Scanning' across multiple planes. Ultimately, this study declares a paradigm shift toward a grand unified physics that strips away Einstein's spacetime curvature and Schrödinger's probabilistic illusions, thereby fully restoring the authentic mechanical causality of the Field that bridges the macroscopic and microscopic realms of the universe. Keywords: Grand Unified Dynamics, Mechanical Causality, Absolute Intrinsic Metric Relativity, Particle Multi-Dimensional Trajectory Dynamics, Deterministic Trajectory, Orbital Kinematics, Parametric Simulation, Probability Cloud.
DESCRIPTION This work presents a complete, deterministic framework for quantum mechanics derived entirely from a single, testable postulate: the density of quantum space. The Core Problem For over a century, quantum mechanics has been interpreted as a theory of fundamental randomness, wave-particle duality, instantaneous jumps, and irreducible uncertainty. The standard Copenhagen interpretation treats the wave function as a probability amplitude, measurement as a "collapse" of that probability, and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle as a fundamental limit of nature. This work demonstrates that all these "mysteries" are not properties of nature—they are artifacts of our limited perception. We observe quantum phenomena through slow, macroscopic instruments that cannot resolve the actual continuous dynamics occurring in a space that is 6.54 trillion times denser than what we perceive as "empty space." The Fundamental Postulate The foundation of this work is a single, geometrically derived constant: ρ = (number of Planck lengths in 1 mm) / (number of millimeters in 1 light-year) = 6.54 × 10¹² Physical Meaning: One millimeter of physical space contains 6.54 trillion times more quantum spatial units than one light-year contains millimeters. What we perceive as "empty space" is actually a dense, discrete, information-rich medium. The entire observable universe (93 billion light-years in diameter) maps to only 0.014 light-years in quantum space—well within our Solar System. Consequence: The density inversion explains why quantum phenomena appear strange: we are observing a dense, fast, discrete reality through slow, coarse, macroscopic instruments. The apparent "weirdness" is not in nature—it is in our perception. The Comprehensive Law From the density postulate and classical physics (Newton, Coulomb, Maxwell, Einstein), a single comprehensive law is derived that contains all known physics as limit cases: E(t,v,n) = (m₀c²/ρ) · ‖n‖ · √(1 + (γv/c)²) · sin(2πt/T) This formula contains: Einstein's E = mc² as the limit ρ → 1, ‖n‖ → 1, sin → 1, v ≪ c Newtonian mechanics as the limit v ≪ c Special relativity as the limit ρ → 1, ‖n‖ → 1, sin → 1 Quantum mechanics as the discrete geometry n ∈ ℤ³ and resonance sin(2πt/T) Each term has a precise physical meaning: the rest mass energy (m₀c²) is scaled by the quantum space density (1/ρ), modified by the position relative to the absolute zero point Z₀ (‖n‖), adjusted for relativistic motion (√(1 + (γv/c)²)), and modulated by temporal resonance (sin(2πt/T)). Resolution of All Quantum Paradoxes Wave-Particle Duality = Optical Illusion The electron is always a localized particle with a definite trajectory. The "wave" is the charge density distribution—a standing wave in the dense quantum medium. From the standing wave condition 2πr = nλ, the Poynting vector in the far field is exactly zero (S = 0), meaning the electron does not radiate. The apparent "wave behavior" is an optical illusion caused by the density ρ smearing the point-like trajectory in our low-resolution projection. Wave Function = Energy Density, Not Probability The squared modulus of the wave function |Ψ|² is the energy density fraction, not a probability density. The particle itself follows a deterministic trajectory y(t) = v₀t - ½g₀t². Probability appears only because we cannot resolve the trajectory (due to t_total = 118 as ≪ Δt_instr) and we do not know the initial phase φ of the oscillation. Schrödinger Equation = Effective Approximation The Schrödinger equation is an effective, averaged description of how the energy density evolves. The fundamental law is classical motion in the dense quantum medium. The Schrödinger equation emerges when we average over the fast oscillation sin(2πt/T), ignore the density force F_ρ, and treat trajectories statistically. Quantization = Resonance, Not Arbitrary Jumps Energy levels are the resonant harmonics of the quantum space medium. The standing wave condition 2πr = nλ gives E_n = -13.6 eV/n²—exactly the same physics as a vibrating string. Only frequencies that satisfy the standing wave condition are stable. The transition between levels is not an instantaneous "jump" but a continuous trajectory y(t) = v₀t - ½g₀t² with total duration t_total = 118 as. The apparent "instantaneous jump" is an artifact of our slow instruments. Heisenberg Uncertainty = Collision, Not Fundamental Limit The uncertainty product depends on the measurement geometry: Δx·Δp = h·tan(θ/2), where θ is the scattering angle of the measurement photon. As θ → 0 (forward scattering with perfect detection), the product approaches zero. There is no fundamental lower bound. The uncertainty is a practical limitation of invasive measurement—we disturb the particle's trajectory when we hit it with a photon. Quantum Randomness = Ignorance Residual "quantum randomness" is simply unmodeled environmental force noise. The apparent randomness arises from three sources: temporal resolution (t_total = 118 as ≪ Δt_instr—we cannot resolve the trajectory), initial phase ignorance (we do not know the phase φ of sin(2πt/T)), and measurement perturbation (we do not know the exact collision parameters). If we could measure the outgoing photon completely and know the initial phase, the outcome would be fully deterministic. Randomness is in our ignorance, not in nature. Five Testable Predictions The theory makes five clear, quantitative predictions that distinguish it from standard quantum mechanics: Prediction 1 - Electron Transit Time: The electron transit time during the n=1 → n=2 transition in hydrogen is 118 ± 5 attoseconds. Standard quantum mechanics predicts zero duration (instantaneous jump). Testable with attosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Prediction 2 - Heisenberg Product Can Approach Zero: With better detectors, the uncertainty product Δx·Δp can approach zero, not ħ/2. Standard quantum mechanics predicts Δx·Δp ≥ ħ/2 always. Testable with weak measurement experiments. Prediction 3 - Energy Oscillation at 116 kHz: The energy of gold-197 oscillates at 116 kHz with amplitude 1.252 × 10⁻²⁶ J. Standard quantum mechanics predicts constant energy for a given state. Testable with precision spectroscopy. Prediction 4 - Bell Inequality Violations Decrease with Measurement Strength: As measurement impulse strength decreases, Bell inequality violations decrease. Standard quantum mechanics predicts violations are independent of measurement strength. Testable with weak measurement entanglement experiments. Prediction 5 - Quantum Randomness is Environmental Noise: Residual "quantum randomness" equals unmodeled environmental force noise. Full force accounting restores classical determinism. Standard quantum mechanics predicts randomness is fundamental and irreducible. Testable with complete force reconstruction in closed quantum systems. The Absolute Zero Point Z₀ This work introduces Z₀ = (0,0,0) as a universal, absolute reference point in quantum space. Every point in space has a discrete address: n = (n_r, n_θ, n_φ), ‖n‖ = √(n_r² + n_θ² + n_φ²) Z₀ is physically grounded in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) rest frame, vacuum energy (the lowest possible energy state), and the geometric center of the quantum space lattice. This eliminates the relativity of reference frames—providing an absolute coordinate system that standard physics lacks. Mathematical Consistency The work provides rigorous derivations of: The density ρ from first principles (Planck length, electron mass, fine structure constant) The quantum coordinate norm ‖n‖ from the discrete metric of quantum space The oscillation period T from the de Broglie relation The coupling constant ε from fundamental constants The regularized metric eliminating all singularities The thermodynamic properties of quantum space (entropy, temperature, heat capacity) The covariant Einstein equation in quantum space The connection to quantum anomalies and topological invariants The Lamb shift from quantum space density oscillation Dark energy from quantum space density variation Comparison with Other Approaches String theory requires approximately 10⁵⁰⁰ free parameters and offers no testable predictions with current technology, while introducing new physics such as strings, extra dimensions, and supersymmetry. Loop quantum gravity requires approximately 10 parameters and also offers no testable predictions, introducing spin networks and loop quantization. Both approaches have difficulty connecting to the Standard Model. In contrast, this theory has only one parameter (ρ, which is derived from fundamental constants rather than being free), offers five testable predictions with current or near-future technology, requires no new physics beyond standard physics applied in a dense medium, and connects directly to the Standard Model through the energy-momentum tensor. The Core Message Quantum mechanics is not magic. It is not a new kind of physics. It is the same old physics—Newton, Maxwell, Coulomb—operating in a space that is 6.54 trillion times denser than we perceive. Three things to remember: Space is dense, not empty. What we call "empty space" is actually a dense, discrete medium. We are the ones who are sparse—not the universe. The particle has a trajectory. Every particle follows a precise, continuous path. We don't see it because our instruments are too slow. The path exists—we just can't resolve it. Energy breathes. Energy is not a static number. It oscillates in time, like a heartbeat. The universe is alive with resonance. Conclusion This work demonstrates that quantum mechanics is not a theory of fundamental randomness and irreducible uncertainty. It is the low-resolution, static-space approximation of a deeper, deterministic, dynamic reality. The deeper reality is quantum space—dense, discrete, resonant, and absolute. The final statement of this
Abstract Modern physics has long confronted the scale separation between microscopic quantum systems and macroscopic classical systems. This paper is built upon Feng’s unified field formula Φ = (εₓ · v² · t · T) / ε and its underlying axiomatic framework. It argues that this scale separation does not stem from a fundamental break in physical laws, but arises because established physical formulas systematically omit two key variables: temperature T and space compression coefficient ε. This work demonstrates that conventional formulas are limiting cases valid under specific conditions (constant T, ε≈1). When T and ε are restored as explicit variables, a continuous transition emerges between microscopic and macroscopic domains within a single framework, without discontinuity. Using the ground-state parameters of the hydrogen atom as a reference benchmark, this paper presents a continuous action spectrum ranging from the microscopic constant h to the macroscopic N·h. Testable quantitative predictions are proposed for future experimental verification, together with clear definitions of the newly introduced quantities Φ and ε.
We propose a unified physical framework in which four-dimensional spacetime vacuum is the unique physical reality, and all quanta are its localized topological excitations. Matter particles correspond to stable knot-like configurations, while radiation quanta correspond to weak propagating ripples of the same substrate. From this single ontological commitment, we derive: (1) wave–particle duality is resolved—particle behavior belongs to the localized excitation, wave behavior to the disturbance field it generates in spacetime; (2) double-slit interference arises from coherent superposition between a quantum's newly sourced disturbance and its own historical disturbance field, not from ontological self-superposition; (3) the wave function is a statistical tool encoding ensemble distributions of trajectories modulated by disturbance feedback, and collapse is epistemic convergence rather than a physical process; (4) quantum entanglement corresponds to Planck-scale topological connectivity (microscopic Einstein–Rosen bridges), preserving relativistic causality; (5) gravity is the macroscopic accumulation of universal but individually weak quantum–vacuum couplings, explaining both its microscopic weakness and macroscopic dominance without requiring a graviton; (6) the four fundamental interactions are differentiated coupling modes of quanta to one spacetime vacuum field; and (7) apparent dark matter and dark energy are reinterpreted as collective topological curvature and large-scale vacuum self-relaxation, respectively. We formulate falsifiable predictions at both laboratory and cosmological scales, including disturbance–corpuscle separation interferometry, tunable decoherence threshold measurements, and galaxy rotation–topology correlations. The framework compresses the conventional axiomatic structure of quantum mechanics and cosmology into one master axiom and eliminates at least twenty-eight independent interpretive assumptions.