Aiming at the quantum mechanics wave function description probability feature, statistical interpretation, randomicity, uncertainty, nonlocality and agnosticism etc fundamental principles and concepts, based on the mass-space interaction, mass-space space-time view, microscopic mass-energy systems correlating with space-time model etc principles and theories, and the quantum entanglement particle experiments etc facts, present the matter-ordering-energy conservation laws and the Dong Pei innovating group interpretation of quantum mechanics. Simultaneously indicate: In the universe there exists the ordering- and disordering-energy matter, together known as matter. Existing the absolute space and absolute time. The absolute space-time is continuous. Matter and the absolute space-time together create and compose the objective world. The objective world is a harmonious and unified whole. Physical laws are completely unified. The objective world and matter are all finite. Matter exists, evolves and moves in the absolute space-time. Interactions are the most essential and most root basic attribute of matter. The interaction among matter is the mass-space interaction. The mass-space interaction is continuous and stable, is not random and intermittent. Macroscopic and microscopic regions all observe the identical physical laws. Elementary particles and they compose the microscopic mass-energy systems are all the ordering-energy matter, their mass-energy space-time is a interdependent whole, their feature, state, structure and motion laws are all entirely determined by the mass-space interaction, correspond with the determinism and causality, the motion state and feature, motion orbitals, position and speed of particles in the absolute space-time are all absolutely determined and could be measured exactly, their quantum states could be approximately described by the wave function of quantum mechanics. The wave functions are the simplified mathematical function approximate expression of quantum system states of adopted interaction, can be used to calculate the correlative physical quantities. The wave functions could approximately describe the state of the mass-energy space-time whole of a microscopic mass-energy system with the mass-space interaction acting and continuously moving. An eigenstate just is the state making the system energy minimum and in rather stable existence. Scientific theories are the abstract simplified approximate expression for the essential of natural phenomena. Physical theory is the abstract simplified approximate representation for the matter structure and its motion laws. Whereas the mathematical formulation then is the further simplified approximate representation for physical contents. All of theories, include quantum mechanics and relativity, only when the assumed approximate condition is satisfied, just are the applied correct scientific theory, could describe the objective world good enough but not exactly. Develop scientific theory, correctly cognize and reasonably interpret the objective world, without the end.
Aiming at the quantum mechanics wave function description probability feature, statistical interpretation, randomicity, uncertainty, nonlocality and agnosticism etc fundamental principles and concepts, based on the mass-space interaction, mass-space space-time view, microscopic mass-energy systems correlating with space-time model etc principles and theories, and the quantum entanglement particle experiments etc facts, present the matter-ordering-energy conservation laws and the Dong Pei innovating group interpretation of quantum mechanics. Simultaneously indicate: In the universe there exists the ordering- and disordering-energy matter, together known as matter. Existing the absolute space and absolute time. The absolute space-time is continuous. Matter and the absolute space-time together create and compose the objective world. The objective world is a harmonious and unified whole. Physical laws are completely unified. The objective world and matter are all finite. Matter exists, evolves and moves in the absolute space-time. Interactions are the most essential and most root basic attribute of matter. The interaction among matter is the mass-space interaction. The mass-space interaction is continuous and stable, is not random and intermittent. Macroscopic and microscopic regions all observe the identical physical laws. Elementary particles and they compose the microscopic mass-energy systems are all the ordering-energy matter, their mass-energy space-time is a interdependent whole, their feature, state, structure and motion laws are all entirely determined by the mass-space interaction, correspond with the determinism and causality, the motion state and feature, motion orbitals, position and speed of particles in the absolute space-time are all absolutely determined and could be measured exactly, their quantum states could be approximately described by the wave function of quantum mechanics. The wave functions are the simplified mathematical function approximate expression of quantum system states of adopted interaction, can be used to calculate the correlative physical quantities. The wave functions could approximately describe the state of the mass-energy space-time whole of a microscopic mass-energy system with the mass-space interaction acting and continuously moving. An eigenstate just is the state making the system energy minimum and in rather stable existence. Scientific theories are the abstract simplified approximate expression for the essential of natural phenomena. Physical theory is the abstract simplified approximate representation for the matter structure and its motion laws. Whereas the mathematical formulation then is the further simplified approximate representation for physical contents. All of theories, include quantum mechanics and relativity, only when the assumed approximate condition is satisfied, just are the applied correct scientific theory, could describe the objective world good enough but not exactly. Develop scientific theory, correctly cognize and reasonably interpret the objective world, without the end.
Through studying we investigate the sense of the wave function of the mass and charge the density distributions of the quantum system. According to the protective calculation, a charged quantum system has effective distribution of mass and charging density in space, proportional to the square of the absolute value of its wave function. In a practical interpretation a wave function of the quantum system can be taken as a definition of either a physical field or the ergodic motion of a particle. The main distinction among the ergodic movement of a sphere and a cell lies in the concurrent property a sphere occurs simultaneously in space, while the agosic movement of a cell is spatially separated in time. If the wave function is a physical force, then the mass and charging density are simultaneously distributed in space to the charged quantum system and thus to the gravitational and electrostatic self-interactions of its wave function. This not only contradicts the superposition principle of quantum mechanics but also contradicts the findings of the experiments. Therefore, wave function is not a definition of a physical area, but rather a transient phase of a material.Each moment has a single localized particle with mass and charge, so the wave function is not auto-introduced. Therefore, it has been argued that the classical ergodic model may not correspond to quantum mechanics for determining constant motion of the particles. Based on the negative result, we say the wave function is a random and unsatisfactory explanation of the particles' quantum motion in nature.In this view, the square of the absolute value of the wave function not only gives the particles' potential in certain locations but also the potential where the cell is. The proposed Latest wave-function description offers a natural practical other than orthodox interpretation, and also suggests that the Broglie-Bohm theory and the interpretation of many worlds are incorrect, and the theories of dynamic collapse They are heading in the right direction by accepting collapse of wave function.
DESCRIPTION This work presents a complete, deterministic framework for quantum mechanics derived entirely from a single, testable postulate: the density of quantum space. The Core Problem For over a century, quantum mechanics has been interpreted as a theory of fundamental randomness, wave-particle duality, instantaneous jumps, and irreducible uncertainty. The standard Copenhagen interpretation treats the wave function as a probability amplitude, measurement as a "collapse" of that probability, and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle as a fundamental limit of nature. This work demonstrates that all these "mysteries" are not properties of nature—they are artifacts of our limited perception. We observe quantum phenomena through slow, macroscopic instruments that cannot resolve the actual continuous dynamics occurring in a space that is 6.54 trillion times denser than what we perceive as "empty space." The Fundamental Postulate The foundation of this work is a single, geometrically derived constant: ρ = (number of Planck lengths in 1 mm) / (number of millimeters in 1 light-year) = 6.54 × 10¹² Physical Meaning: One millimeter of physical space contains 6.54 trillion times more quantum spatial units than one light-year contains millimeters. What we perceive as "empty space" is actually a dense, discrete, information-rich medium. The entire observable universe (93 billion light-years in diameter) maps to only 0.014 light-years in quantum space—well within our Solar System. Consequence: The density inversion explains why quantum phenomena appear strange: we are observing a dense, fast, discrete reality through slow, coarse, macroscopic instruments. The apparent "weirdness" is not in nature—it is in our perception. The Comprehensive Law From the density postulate and classical physics (Newton, Coulomb, Maxwell, Einstein), a single comprehensive law is derived that contains all known physics as limit cases: E(t,v,n) = (m₀c²/ρ) · ‖n‖ · √(1 + (γv/c)²) · sin(2πt/T) This formula contains: Einstein's E = mc² as the limit ρ → 1, ‖n‖ → 1, sin → 1, v ≪ c Newtonian mechanics as the limit v ≪ c Special relativity as the limit ρ → 1, ‖n‖ → 1, sin → 1 Quantum mechanics as the discrete geometry n ∈ ℤ³ and resonance sin(2πt/T) Each term has a precise physical meaning: the rest mass energy (m₀c²) is scaled by the quantum space density (1/ρ), modified by the position relative to the absolute zero point Z₀ (‖n‖), adjusted for relativistic motion (√(1 + (γv/c)²)), and modulated by temporal resonance (sin(2πt/T)). Resolution of All Quantum Paradoxes Wave-Particle Duality = Optical Illusion The electron is always a localized particle with a definite trajectory. The "wave" is the charge density distribution—a standing wave in the dense quantum medium. From the standing wave condition 2πr = nλ, the Poynting vector in the far field is exactly zero (S = 0), meaning the electron does not radiate. The apparent "wave behavior" is an optical illusion caused by the density ρ smearing the point-like trajectory in our low-resolution projection. Wave Function = Energy Density, Not Probability The squared modulus of the wave function |Ψ|² is the energy density fraction, not a probability density. The particle itself follows a deterministic trajectory y(t) = v₀t - ½g₀t². Probability appears only because we cannot resolve the trajectory (due to t_total = 118 as ≪ Δt_instr) and we do not know the initial phase φ of the oscillation. Schrödinger Equation = Effective Approximation The Schrödinger equation is an effective, averaged description of how the energy density evolves. The fundamental law is classical motion in the dense quantum medium. The Schrödinger equation emerges when we average over the fast oscillation sin(2πt/T), ignore the density force F_ρ, and treat trajectories statistically. Quantization = Resonance, Not Arbitrary Jumps Energy levels are the resonant harmonics of the quantum space medium. The standing wave condition 2πr = nλ gives E_n = -13.6 eV/n²—exactly the same physics as a vibrating string. Only frequencies that satisfy the standing wave condition are stable. The transition between levels is not an instantaneous "jump" but a continuous trajectory y(t) = v₀t - ½g₀t² with total duration t_total = 118 as. The apparent "instantaneous jump" is an artifact of our slow instruments. Heisenberg Uncertainty = Collision, Not Fundamental Limit The uncertainty product depends on the measurement geometry: Δx·Δp = h·tan(θ/2), where θ is the scattering angle of the measurement photon. As θ → 0 (forward scattering with perfect detection), the product approaches zero. There is no fundamental lower bound. The uncertainty is a practical limitation of invasive measurement—we disturb the particle's trajectory when we hit it with a photon. Quantum Randomness = Ignorance Residual "quantum randomness" is simply unmodeled environmental force noise. The apparent randomness arises from three sources: temporal resolution (t_total = 118 as ≪ Δt_instr—we cannot resolve the trajectory), initial phase ignorance (we do not know the phase φ of sin(2πt/T)), and measurement perturbation (we do not know the exact collision parameters). If we could measure the outgoing photon completely and know the initial phase, the outcome would be fully deterministic. Randomness is in our ignorance, not in nature. Five Testable Predictions The theory makes five clear, quantitative predictions that distinguish it from standard quantum mechanics: Prediction 1 - Electron Transit Time: The electron transit time during the n=1 → n=2 transition in hydrogen is 118 ± 5 attoseconds. Standard quantum mechanics predicts zero duration (instantaneous jump). Testable with attosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Prediction 2 - Heisenberg Product Can Approach Zero: With better detectors, the uncertainty product Δx·Δp can approach zero, not ħ/2. Standard quantum mechanics predicts Δx·Δp ≥ ħ/2 always. Testable with weak measurement experiments. Prediction 3 - Energy Oscillation at 116 kHz: The energy of gold-197 oscillates at 116 kHz with amplitude 1.252 × 10⁻²⁶ J. Standard quantum mechanics predicts constant energy for a given state. Testable with precision spectroscopy. Prediction 4 - Bell Inequality Violations Decrease with Measurement Strength: As measurement impulse strength decreases, Bell inequality violations decrease. Standard quantum mechanics predicts violations are independent of measurement strength. Testable with weak measurement entanglement experiments. Prediction 5 - Quantum Randomness is Environmental Noise: Residual "quantum randomness" equals unmodeled environmental force noise. Full force accounting restores classical determinism. Standard quantum mechanics predicts randomness is fundamental and irreducible. Testable with complete force reconstruction in closed quantum systems. The Absolute Zero Point Z₀ This work introduces Z₀ = (0,0,0) as a universal, absolute reference point in quantum space. Every point in space has a discrete address: n = (n_r, n_θ, n_φ), ‖n‖ = √(n_r² + n_θ² + n_φ²) Z₀ is physically grounded in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) rest frame, vacuum energy (the lowest possible energy state), and the geometric center of the quantum space lattice. This eliminates the relativity of reference frames—providing an absolute coordinate system that standard physics lacks. Mathematical Consistency The work provides rigorous derivations of: The density ρ from first principles (Planck length, electron mass, fine structure constant) The quantum coordinate norm ‖n‖ from the discrete metric of quantum space The oscillation period T from the de Broglie relation The coupling constant ε from fundamental constants The regularized metric eliminating all singularities The thermodynamic properties of quantum space (entropy, temperature, heat capacity) The covariant Einstein equation in quantum space The connection to quantum anomalies and topological invariants The Lamb shift from quantum space density oscillation Dark energy from quantum space density variation Comparison with Other Approaches String theory requires approximately 10⁵⁰⁰ free parameters and offers no testable predictions with current technology, while introducing new physics such as strings, extra dimensions, and supersymmetry. Loop quantum gravity requires approximately 10 parameters and also offers no testable predictions, introducing spin networks and loop quantization. Both approaches have difficulty connecting to the Standard Model. In contrast, this theory has only one parameter (ρ, which is derived from fundamental constants rather than being free), offers five testable predictions with current or near-future technology, requires no new physics beyond standard physics applied in a dense medium, and connects directly to the Standard Model through the energy-momentum tensor. The Core Message Quantum mechanics is not magic. It is not a new kind of physics. It is the same old physics—Newton, Maxwell, Coulomb—operating in a space that is 6.54 trillion times denser than we perceive. Three things to remember: Space is dense, not empty. What we call "empty space" is actually a dense, discrete medium. We are the ones who are sparse—not the universe. The particle has a trajectory. Every particle follows a precise, continuous path. We don't see it because our instruments are too slow. The path exists—we just can't resolve it. Energy breathes. Energy is not a static number. It oscillates in time, like a heartbeat. The universe is alive with resonance. Conclusion This work demonstrates that quantum mechanics is not a theory of fundamental randomness and irreducible uncertainty. It is the low-resolution, static-space approximation of a deeper, deterministic, dynamic reality. The deeper reality is quantum space—dense, discrete, resonant, and absolute. The final statement of this
Based on the presented series new scientific concepts and new basic theories, include the lowest level matter of matter structure, mass-space interaction, mass-space space-time view, Tianyuan principle and Jineng principle etc, and as its application, combine the support of science and technology facts of the quantum entanglement particle linking-acting phenomena, Compton scattering etc experiments and bending of light, gravitational redshift etc astronomical observation results, solve many extant science and technology challenges, here try to provide the scientific reasonable summariness answers with experimental evidence for these science and technology problems. Include: The nature of photon energy change and quantum entanglement, illustrative physical interpretation of the bending of light and gravitational redshift phenomena with collisions, discuss the possibility and key difficulty of the unifying relativity and quantum mechanics problem. Explore and investigate the laws and feature of Jineng collective motion. Demonstrate Jineng follows the specific motion law to makeup and create entanglement particles.
Quantum Mechanics is one of the most important scientific developments of the twentieth century. It serves as the basis for understanding how matter and energy behave on very small scales. Unlike classical mechanics, quantum mechanics explains physical phenomena through probabilistic models, wave functions, operators, and discrete quantized states. This paper offers a thorough study of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics, covering its historical background, postulates, mathematical framework, wave-particle duality, Schrödinger equation, uncertainty principle, and operator theory. The paper also looks at how quantum mechanics is used in modern technologies such as quantum computing, lasers, semiconductors, and medical imaging. The goal of this paper is to provide a clear and detailed foundation for students and researchers who want to grasp the main principles of quantum theory. General Terms Quantum Mechanics, Physics, Wave Function, Uncertainty, Quantum Theory, Measurement, Operators.
Abstract General relativity and quantum mechanics form two incompatible cornerstones of modern physics, artificially separating macroscopic and microscopic motion rules and attributing the trajectory uncertainty of microscopic particles to the intrinsic random property of particles. This paper takes the spatial compression coefficient as the core continuous variable to build a unified physical interpretation framework. The fundamental difference between macroscopic and microscopic states lies only in the continuous change of spatial compression coefficient, which determines the environmental density of universal irregular minimal matter units filling the whole space. Minimal matter units are irregular in shape with discrete moving speeds and collision forces. Microscopic particles have a similar scale to fundamental units, and continuous unobservable collisions lead to trajectory dispersion observed as randomness, while multi-directional collision disturbances on macroscopic objects offset each other to form deterministic motion. Wind tunnel multi-scale particle flow is adopted as a qualitative analogy to verify the medium disturbance mechanism. The theory eliminates artificial high/low-energy boundaries and the macro-micro rule division in conventional physics, and establishes a deterministic unified mass-energy theoretical system relying on spatial compression coefficient and omnipresent fundamental matter units. Keywords: spatial compression coefficient; spacetime density; universal fundamental matter units; microscopic particle trajectory; quantum uncertainty; medium disturbance; wind tunnel fluid analogy; unified mass-energy theory
We propose six principles as the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics: principle of space and time, Galilean principle of relativity, Hamilton's principle, wave principle, probability principle, and principle of indestructibility and increatiblity of particles. We deductively develop the formalism of quantum mechanics on the basis of them: we determine the form of the Lagrangian that satisfies requirements of these principles, and obtain the Schroedinger equation from the Lagrangian. We also derive the canonical commutation relations. Then we adopt the following four guide lines. First, we do not premise the relations between dynamical variables in classical mechanics. Second, we define energy, momentum, and angular momentum as the constants of motion that are derived from homogeneity and isotropy in space and time on the basis of principle of space and time. Since energy and momentum are quantitatively defined in classical mechanics, we define them in quantum mechanics so that the corresponding conservation laws are satisfied in a coupling system of a quantum particle and a classical particle. Third, we define Planck's constant and the mass of a particle as proportionality constants between energy and frequency due to one of Einstein-de Broglie formulas and between momentum and velocity, respectively. We shall obtain the canonical commutation relations and the Schroedinger equation for a particle in an external field in the definitive form. We shall also prove that relations between dynamical variables in quantum mechanics have the same forms for those in classical mechanics.