The Origin of Matter Waves and the Resolution of Wave-Particle Duality - A First-Principles Derivation of Matter Wave Dynamics within the Time Field Theory (TFT) Framework
Why does matter possess wave-like properties? Is wave-particle duality an inherent dual nature of matter, or merely a projection of a deeper underlying physical structure under two distinct observational perspectives? This paper presents a rigorous first-principles derivation of matter wave dynamics within the axiomatic framework of Time Field Theory (TFT). The entire derivation relies solely on two core axioms: local intrinsic total velocity conservation and metric self-consistency (flux conservation), without introducing any extra postulates. Following the logical sequence of ontological foundation, phase derivation, wave generation, hierarchical classification, physical correspondence, extreme-case verification, and unified spectrum construction, this paper first establishes the core ontological premise that matter corresponds to localized condensed states of the time field. It then derives the geometric structure of the existence phase angle on the unit circle of the complex plane from the velocity conservation axiom, revealing the fundamental origin of intrinsic material phases. On this basis, the de Broglie relations are strictly derived, eliminating the dualistic contradiction between particle and wave characteristics. This work further distinguishes two distinct wave regimes: intrinsic waves originating from phase evolution within condensed states, and apparent waves arising from the global spatial translation of field distributions, which are respectively mapped onto electromagnetic waves and gravitational waves as two classes of physical reality. Using black hole horizons as an extreme physical testbed, we demonstrate that intrinsic wave phenomena vanish completely at time-freezing surfaces while apparent wave behaviors remain intact, providing a unified explanation for the observational fact that black holes emit no light yet produce gravitational waves. We also clarify the ontological origin of black hole darkness: light is not trapped by gravity, but the physical conditions required for photon generation cease to hold at time-freezing surfaces. Finally, we construct a continuous spectrum of wave behaviors ranging from the vacuum ground state to black hole horizons. This paper proves that wave-like behavior is not a binary ”present/absent” attribute of matter, but a continuous function of the condensation strength of the time field. Quantum mechanics and classical mechanics do not describe two separate physical worlds; instead, they represent two limiting regimes of a single universal time field under different condensation levels.
Why does matter possess wave-like properties? Is wave-particle duality an inherent dual nature of matter, or merely a projection of a deeper underlying physical structure under two distinct observational perspectives? This paper presents a rigorous first-principles derivation of matter wave dynamics within the axiomatic framework of Time Field Theory (TFT). The entire derivation relies solely on two core axioms: local intrinsic total velocity conservation and metric self-consistency (flux conservation), without introducing any extra postulates. Following the logical sequence of ontological foundation, phase derivation, wave generation, hierarchical classification, physical correspondence, extreme-case verification, and unified spectrum construction, this paper first establishes the core ontological premise that matter corresponds to localized condensed states of the time field. It then derives the geometric structure of the existence phase angle on the unit circle of the complex plane from the velocity conservation axiom, revealing the fundamental origin of intrinsic material phases. On this basis, the de Broglie relations are strictly derived, eliminating the dualistic contradiction between particle and wave characteristics. This work further distinguishes two distinct wave regimes: intrinsic waves originating from phase evolution within condensed states, and apparent waves arising from the global spatial translation of field distributions, which are respectively mapped onto electromagnetic waves and gravitational waves as two classes of physical reality. Using black hole horizons as an extreme physical testbed, we demonstrate that intrinsic wave phenomena vanish completely at time-freezing surfaces while apparent wave behaviors remain intact, providing a unified explanation for the observational fact that black holes emit no light yet produce gravitational waves. We also clarify the ontological origin of black hole darkness: light is not trapped by gravity, but the physical conditions required for photon generation cease to hold at time-freezing surfaces. Finally, we construct a continuous spectrum of wave behaviors ranging from the vacuum ground state to black hole horizons. This paper proves that wave-like behavior is not a binary ”present/absent” attribute of matter, but a continuous function of the condensation strength of the time field. Quantum mechanics and classical mechanics do not describe two separate physical worlds; instead, they represent two limiting regimes of a single universal time field under different condensation levels.
Addressing the fundamental metaphysical question of the origin of Being, this paper takes de Broglie’s classical wave mechanics (1924) as its scientific foundation and constructs a self‑consistent interpretive framework of information ontology. It establishes three core axioms: information as the primordial ground, relations prior to entities, and global conservation of information. On this basis, the paper further derives the origin of spatiotemporal dimensions from the laws of information interaction: each basic flip configuration of information corresponds to the generation of a spatial dimension; after three‑dimensional topological closure is completed, the inevitably produced “pending redundant information” that cannot be synchronously and self‑consistently integrated gives rise to the dimension of time within its queuing sequence. Spacetime is therefore not an a priori container but the first compensatory stratum of structure through which information moves toward self‑consistent expression. Subsequently, by means of de Broglie’s phase field, the paper deduces the entire evolutionary chain from pure information distinctions and primordial phase oscillation to the emergence of material hierarchies and quantum‑observation interactions. It argues that quantum measurement and wave‑function collapse are essentially topological remappings and information‑coupling consolidations of heterogeneous phase fields; gravitation and cosmic expansion can be reduced to macroscopic effects of phase gradients. Throughout the text, physical references are strictly limited to de Broglie’s classical wave mechanics, without introducing non‑standard physical models. This study supplements fundamental physical philosophy with a relational‑ontology approach and provides a unified information‑theoretic metaphysical interpretation for foundational problems such as wave–particle duality, the origin of spacetime, and the nature of gravity.
As the core foundation of quantum mechanics, wave-particle duality and the micro-macro description gap have long been controversial. Based on the Unified Complex System Theory (UCST) particle-life hypothesis, dualistic ontology, this paper presents a self-consistent interpretive framework for wave-particle duality in gas-liquid systems. The framework discards artificial micro-macro leaps and assumes particles have life-like properties: particle nature arises from ether-based material entities, while wave nature stems from two medium vibration modes—mind-driven active vibrations and environment-induced passive vibrations. In gas, statistical superposition of active intrinsic vibrations forms de Broglie matter waves, consistent with Planck’s quantum hypothesis and the UCST gas equation. In liquid, coordinated passive forced vibrations produce classical water waves, satisfying the standard wave equation and UCST macroscopic fluid mechanics. Through active-passive synergistic dynamics, the theory achieves a continuous transition of wave-particle behavior across gas, gas-liquid coexistence, and liquid phases. It maintains consistency with classical mechanics, clarifies the intrinsic origin of wave motion, and offers a unified physical mechanism and mathematical logic for reconciling wave-particle duality across microcosmic and macrocosmic systems, complementing UCST’s unification of microscopic and macroscopic physics.
The century-long conflict between quantum mechanics and general relativity is essentially a dispute over the definition of the fundamental measurement benchmark of the universe. Quantum mechanics treats time as an absolute external background, while general relativity regards mass as the measurement benchmark of curved spacetime. The two theories cannot be self-consistently unified under extreme conditions. Based on the core axiomatic system of Time Field Theory (TFT), this paper proposes a first-principles self-consistent interpretation of quantum mechanics: the wave function is neither the physical reality of a particle nor an encoding of our knowledge, but the probability amplitude for the time field to condense mass at a spatial point and thereby establish a measurement benchmark; the Schrödinger equation is the evolution law of the measurability probability amplitude of the time field in the uniform γ=1 background; wave function collapse corresponds to a physical phase transition of the time field from a uniform state to a locally condensed state, and the observer is essentially a massive entity with intrinsic time flow. This interpretation requires no assumptions of external observers, many worlds, or hidden variables, naturally unifies the quantum and classical worlds, and is fully compatible with all known experimental results in the weak-field low-speed limit, providing a completely new metrological foundation for the problem of quantum gravity.
Abstract This paper proposes a foundational physical paradigm framework with energy as the sole physical ontology. Different from the field ontology of quantum field theory and the particle-pilot wave dual ontology of Bohmian mechanics, it establishes a strictly divided four-layer cognitive system of “energy ontology–wave motion–node appearance–mathematical tool”. Energy is defined as the irreducible sole physical ontology (ontological preset); waves are not independent physical entities, but the inherent propagation mode of energy in spacetime following the principle of least action; microscopic particles are not basic material objects, but local dynamic nodes formed by coherent superposition and nonlinear self-focusing of multiple energy waves; fields and wave functions are pure mathematical tools for describing the spacetime distribution of energy without independent entity attributes. Based on the Fourier superposition principle, standing wave formation mechanism and the principle of least action, this paper fundamentally resolves the paradox of wave-particle duality and clarifies the inevitability of energy fluctuation. Two basic forms of energy waves are defined: traveling waves without rest mass for global energy transport and localized standing waves for bound energy localization, with clear transformation mechanisms and physical division of labor. Based on three self-consistent underlying axioms, two types of nodes (linear superposition/photon-type and nonlinear self-focusing/matter-type) are distinguished, the coupling rules of transverse and longitudinal waves are reconstructed, and the microscopic origins of gravity and strong force are unified. To resolve core theoretical disputes, this paper supplements a dynamic equilibrium radiation mechanism to eliminate the energy dissipation paradox of stable particles, revises wave coupling rules to be compatible with QED photon-photon scattering experimental facts, and completes the physical dimension and quantitative paving of node formation thresholds to upgrade theoretical self-consistency. Meanwhile, phase chirality is introduced as the unified origin of charge, spin and matter-antimatter asymmetry, and four experimentally verifiable physical predictions and falsifiable inferences are proposed. This framework only updates the underlying ontology of modern physics, fully compatible with existing mature quantitative calculation systems, without subverting the experimental conclusions of the Standard Model and general relativity, providing a new path for the paradigm innovation of fundamental physics unification.
We propose a unified physical framework in which four-dimensional spacetime vacuum is the unique physical reality, and all quanta are its localized topological excitations. Matter particles correspond to stable knot-like configurations, while radiation quanta correspond to weak propagating ripples of the same substrate. From this single ontological commitment, we derive: (1) wave–particle duality is resolved—particle behavior belongs to the localized excitation, wave behavior to the disturbance field it generates in spacetime; (2) double-slit interference arises from coherent superposition between a quantum's newly sourced disturbance and its own historical disturbance field, not from ontological self-superposition; (3) the wave function is a statistical tool encoding ensemble distributions of trajectories modulated by disturbance feedback, and collapse is epistemic convergence rather than a physical process; (4) quantum entanglement corresponds to Planck-scale topological connectivity (microscopic Einstein–Rosen bridges), preserving relativistic causality; (5) gravity is the macroscopic accumulation of universal but individually weak quantum–vacuum couplings, explaining both its microscopic weakness and macroscopic dominance without requiring a graviton; (6) the four fundamental interactions are differentiated coupling modes of quanta to one spacetime vacuum field; and (7) apparent dark matter and dark energy are reinterpreted as collective topological curvature and large-scale vacuum self-relaxation, respectively. We formulate falsifiable predictions at both laboratory and cosmological scales, including disturbance–corpuscle separation interferometry, tunable decoherence threshold measurements, and galaxy rotation–topology correlations. The framework compresses the conventional axiomatic structure of quantum mechanics and cosmology into one master axiom and eliminates at least twenty-eight independent interpretive assumptions.
This paper presents a novel theory of wave mechanics derived from a re-examination of the foundations of relativity. By expanding the traditional linear transformation ansatz to include a vector-valued temporal component, we demonstrate that Einstein's postulates, coupled with the principle of single-valued time, are sufficient to predict wave-like, quantizable behavior in particle motion. This approach naturally leads to a Clifford algebra framework and reveals the necessity of a dynamic, higher-dimensional temporal space. We derive Lorentz transformations and demonstrate the origin of the spacetime metric's signature. Furthermore, we obtain relations analogous to De Broglie's and show compatibility with Planck's distribution law. Notably, our theory provides a unified framework for spin-0 and spin-1/2 particles and offers a complete, normalized solution for a particle at rest, resolving a long-standing challenge in quantum mechanics. The inherent coupling of the Einstein Field Equations with the derived wave equation suggests potential implications for cosmology, including alternative explanations for dark matter and MOND. This work establishes a foundation for a new, consistent, and intuitive understanding of the quantum world, with experimentally testable predictions that distinguish it from conventional quantum mechanics.