AbstractThe paper presents an alternative, strictly local physical interpretation of quantum entanglement and the violation of Bell's inequalities, completely eliminating the mathematical artifact of "non-locality". Within the framework of the ether-dynamical paradigm of a discrete massless ether developed by the author, a standard photon is defined as a subquantum chain of closed toroidal corpuscles (Planck particles). Based on a critical review of earlier hypotheses, the authors prove that orthogonally correlated IR photons are born in a non-linear crystal as a result of a direct mechanical interaction: the movement of a laser beam entrains and longitudinally deforms the spirals of the electric field of a stationary nucleon. Forced precession of the fields, caused by their rotation relative to the laser beam, ensures their spatial divergence. Field deformations initially establish the mutual perpendicularity of polarizations until the moment of breakdown and segmentation of the chains. The work restores the principle of close-range action and offers a clear space-time model of sub-substantial processes.
AbstractThe paper presents an alternative, strictly local physical interpretation of quantum entanglement and the violation of Bell's inequalities, completely eliminating the mathematical artifact of "non-locality". Within the framework of the ether-dynamical paradigm of a discrete massless ether developed by the author, a standard photon is defined as a subquantum chain of closed toroidal corpuscles (Planck particles). Based on a critical review of earlier hypotheses, the authors prove that orthogonally correlated IR photons are born in a non-linear crystal as a result of a direct mechanical interaction: the movement of a laser beam entrains and longitudinally deforms the spirals of the electric field of a stationary nucleon. Forced precession of the fields, caused by their rotation relative to the laser beam, ensures their spatial divergence. Field deformations initially establish the mutual perpendicularity of polarizations until the moment of breakdown and segmentation of the chains. The work restores the principle of close-range action and offers a clear space-time model of sub-substantial processes.
Abstract This paper presents an alternative, strictly local, and physically substantiated interpretation of quantum entanglement, the violation of Bell's inequalities, and related quantum-optical phenomena, completely eliminating the generally accepted concept of quantum non-locality. Working within the ether-dynamic paradigm of a discrete, massless, non-viscous medium, a standard photon is defined not as an abstract wave packet or a point-like probabilistic excitation, but as an equidistant, localized chain of interconnected toroidal vortices (Planck particles), which originates from the transverse reconnection and self-segmentation of the atomic electric field during its detachment. Using the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect, experiments testing Bell's inequalities (via the spatial geometry of the intersection of field precession cones), and induced coherence (the ZWM experiment), it is demonstrated that the observed synchronization of split detectors is governed by local, deterministic processes of sub-quantum self-organization, near-field dynamic entrainment, and the formation of a spatial minimum of motion between coaxial vortex structures. Keywords: quantum entanglement, Bell's inequalities, non-locality, ether-dynamics, Hong–Ou–Mandel effect, ZWM experiment, Planck particles, Helmholtz vortices, spontaneous parametric down-conversion, field precession cones.
Abstract This paper proposes an alternative, strictly local physical interpretation of quantum entanglement and the violation of Bell's inequalities. Within the framework of the ether-dynamical model of a discrete, massless ether developed by the author, a photon is considered not as an abstract mathematical wave packet of quantum mechanics (QM), but as a sub-quantum chain of closed ether vortices with different directions of rotation for each photon. It is shown that the synchronicity of detectors observed in experiments is caused not by mystical action-at-a-distance, but by the processes of sub-quantum self-organization of vortex fields in a non-linear crystal under the influence of laser pumping. The authors introduce the concept of an anomalous "two-sided photon" of nucleon genesis and the mechanism of its self-oscillating parametric synchronization with the laser frequency, which fully explains the results of Bell's experiments from the standpoint of classical mechanics, where Planck particles are similar to Helmholtz rings.
In the Cosmology of the Quarkbase, quantum particles and photons are interpreted as excitations of an etheric plasma represented by the scalar or vector field Ψ(x,t). An experiment that, in standard quantum theory, produces an entangled pair instead generates in this framework a single non-local field excitation: a coherent combination of Ψ-modes correlated through conservation of momentum, spin, and polarization, as well as through the coupling topology between local sources (quarkbases). Local measurement acts as a projection on this extended excitation, producing the experimentally observed strong correlations without any exchange of causal signals between detectors. The Quarkbase formalism introduces explicit medium parameters —density ρp, compressibility K, and effective mass mΨ— that define physical scales such as the screening length λ = 1/mΨ. These quantities determine the spatial decay of entanglement visibility according to V(r) ∝ e⁻ʳ/λ / r, and the effective CHSH parameter becomes Seff = C(r) 2√2. Therefore, if the vacuum possesses a finite λ, Bell-type correlations should attenuate exponentially with distance, providing a falsifiable signature of a massive or screened etheric field. Mathematically, the framework reproduces the predictions of quantum field theory —Bell states, coincidence probabilities, CHSH violation— while offering an ontological interpretation in which entanglement arises from the geometry and coherence of the Ψ-field rather than from instantaneous nonlocal action. The theory therefore unifies microscopic quantum behavior with macroscopic medium dynamics, transforming questions about “collapse” and “nonlocality” into experimentally testable properties of the underlying ether-plasma.
For nearly a century, quantum mechanics (QM) has established itself as an exceptionally effective framework for predicting the collective movements and statistical distributions of particles. However, its predictive success comes with a significant conceptual cost: the apparent abandonment of local realism. When one attempts to apply the standard quantum formalism at the scale of an individual particle, paradoxes inevitably arise. This article argues that these contradictions are not intrinsic properties of nature, but rather stem from a fundamental category error: the misapplication of ensemble statistical laws to individual events, which unrightfully promotes statistical averages to instantaneous physical realities. To address the root cause of this conceptual deviation, we must establish a foundational axiom: the Principle of Particle Reality. This principle posits that if a particle exists as a real entity, it must inherently possess definite physical properties—such as a precise polarization, velocity, and trajectory—independent of our capacity to detect them. Ignoring this ontology has led the standard model to treat physical realities as abstract paradoxes. To resolve them, this work proposes a unified reconsideration of three main pillars of quantum interpretation. First, regarding locality, we demonstrate that a polarizer does not create a state but merely reveals a pre-existing polarization. The concrete proof lies in the reduction of a beam’s intensity, which is fundamentally a physical drop in the number of transmitted particles. By establishing a physical equivalence between parallel and sequential measurements via the principle of Statistical Identity, we show that exact quantum correlations emerge directly from a particle-by-particle application of the strictly positive classical Malus’s law (0 ≤ p ≤ 1). This successfully explains the violation of Bell’s inequalities within a strictly local framework, bypassing the non-physical negative quasi-probabilities encountered in previous angular hidden-variable models. Secondly, on the illusion of state superposition, we show that failing to recognize that an interferometer physically and deterministically alters the polarization orientation of a particle led to an abstract formulation; in reality, this involves a deterministic geometric transformation of probability distributions. Finally, addressing wave-particle duality, we challenge the standard postulate of artificial simultaneity in the double-slit configuration, which caused a deep confusion between the collective behavior of a group and the sequential passage of an individual entity. We introduce an “event-by-event” formulation where interference fringes emerge instead from temporal correlations preserved by the non-commutativity of averaging. By restoring the strict distinction between statistical ensemble laws and individual reality through the Principle of Particle Reality, this work aims to definitively end “quantum geocentrism” and to lay the foundations for a coherent, local, and realistic sub-quantum physics.
## Abstract ## For over a century, the foundational assumptions of wave-particle duality and the massless photon have forced standard quantum mechanics to rely on non-locality, abstract probability, and the violation of Bell's inequalities to explain entanglement. This paper introduces the Binary Unified Theory (BUT), a ground-up classical framework that replaces abstract probability amplitudes with pure, deterministic kinematics. BUT posits that all light and matter are complex kinematic systems constructed from exactly two fundamental, oppositely charged, zero-radius particles—the Poson and the Negon—traveling perpetually at the universally constant speed of light (c) and interacting via continuous, rigid 1/d fields. Within this framework:* The Photon (n=2): Light emerges naturally as a composite double-helix structure, physically uniting wave periodicity with quantized, discrete energy packets. Relativistic Doppler shift and spin projections are derived strictly from classical rotational kinematics.* Matter (n>2): Macroscopic matter and laboratory detectors are modeled as dense, non-linear chaotic swarms of fundamental charges. Rest mass and relativistic time dilation are physically realized as internal kinematic path-length constraints dictated by vector addition. * The Epistemic Barrier: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is fundamentally redefined. It is not an ontological law dictating that reality is inherently blurred, but an absolute epistemic measurement barrier mathematically guaranteed by classical N-body chaos and Liouville's Theorem during the deterministic collision of macroscopic measurement devices (n>2) with subatomic systems.* Local Realism Restored: By invalidating the idealized assumption of statistical independence through continuous field connections, this framework demonstrates that quantum correlations are a natural consequence of shared causal histories, restoring strict local realism to the subatomic domain without requiring non-local "spooky action at a distance." Additionally, this continuous-field framework provides clear geometric derivations for the emergence of macroscopic 1/d^2 forces (Coulomb and Gravity) via phase-cancellation and multipole effects, while exposing quarks and the Yukawa potential as resonant geometric artifacts of confined chaotic traffic. --- ## Included Files in this Record 1. `Donaldson-Binary_Unified_Theory.pdf` - The full, compile-ready version of record for the preprint manuscript.2+3. `main.tex` and `references.bib` - The complete LaTeX source file containing the raw `.tex` file with the `.bib` bibliography for full open-science transparency and reproducibility.4. `BUT_Simulator.zip` - An interactive, self-contained HTML/JavaScript computational engine that maps out and visualizes the dynamic, non-linear trajectories and continuous field configurations of the Binary Unified Theory. To run, extract the archive and open the HTML file in any modern web browser.
The mainstream interpretation of quantum entanglement and its derivative phenomena has long relied on concepts such as non-locality and superposition, leading to a lack of dynamical mechanism description for wave function collapse and creating profound conflicts with physical causality. This paper, based on the "Great Tao Model" and its "Existence Field Theory," proposes a systematic and unified interpretation of quantum entanglement phenomena, exemplified by the experiments recognized by the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics. First, it analyzes the erroneous presuppositions in the derivation of Bell's inequality based on Existence Field Theory and establishes a general classical interpretation framework grounded in "static initial correlations" and "local interactions." Subsequently, through a classical physical reconstruction of milestone experiments such as Aspect's, it demonstrates that this framework is sufficient to explain all observed phenomena self-consistently, without introducing "non-local superluminal action." Building on this, the paper successfully extends this interpretative framework to core quantum phenomena such as quantum decoherence, teleportation, and many-body entanglement, revealing that they also originate from classical conservation law constraints and local field interactions. Furthermore, this paper compares the Great Tao Model with hidden variable theories, finding that although both belong to the classical realism camp and oppose non-locality, the Great Tao Model requires no introduction of any hidden variables. Instead, it explains phenomena directly based on the specific physical properties (charge, mass) of elementary particles and the local dynamics of their existence fields, thus providing a more physically realistic and unified theoretical framework. This study offers a unified, causality-compliant classical explanation for a series of quantum phenomena claimed to exhibit "non-locality," fundamentally challenging the conceptual foundation of related quantum information technologies and providing a new path for physics to return to a theoretical paradigm based on realism, locality, and clear dynamical mechanisms.