Abstract This paper proposes an alternative, strictly local physical interpretation of quantum entanglement and the violation of Bell's inequalities. Within the framework of the ether-dynamical model of a discrete, massless ether developed by the author, a photon is considered not as an abstract mathematical wave packet of quantum mechanics (QM), but as a sub-quantum chain of closed ether vortices with different directions of rotation for each photon. It is shown that the synchronicity of detectors observed in experiments is caused not by mystical action-at-a-distance, but by the processes of sub-quantum self-organization of vortex fields in a non-linear crystal under the influence of laser pumping. The authors introduce the concept of an anomalous "two-sided photon" of nucleon genesis and the mechanism of its self-oscillating parametric synchronization with the laser frequency, which fully explains the results of Bell's experiments from the standpoint of classical mechanics, where Planck particles are similar to Helmholtz rings.
Abstract This paper proposes an alternative, strictly local physical interpretation of quantum entanglement and the violation of Bell's inequalities. Within the framework of the ether-dynamical model of a discrete, massless ether developed by the author, a photon is considered not as an abstract mathematical wave packet of quantum mechanics (QM), but as a sub-quantum chain of closed ether vortices with different directions of rotation for each photon. It is shown that the synchronicity of detectors observed in experiments is caused not by mystical action-at-a-distance, but by the processes of sub-quantum self-organization of vortex fields in a non-linear crystal under the influence of laser pumping. The authors introduce the concept of an anomalous "two-sided photon" of nucleon genesis and the mechanism of its self-oscillating parametric synchronization with the laser frequency, which fully explains the results of Bell's experiments from the standpoint of classical mechanics, where Planck particles are similar to Helmholtz rings.
Abstract This paper presents an alternative, strictly local, and physically substantiated interpretation of quantum entanglement, the violation of Bell's inequalities, and related quantum-optical phenomena, completely eliminating the generally accepted concept of quantum non-locality. Working within the ether-dynamic paradigm of a discrete, massless, non-viscous medium, a standard photon is defined not as an abstract wave packet or a point-like probabilistic excitation, but as an equidistant, localized chain of interconnected toroidal vortices (Planck particles), which originates from the transverse reconnection and self-segmentation of the atomic electric field during its detachment. Using the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect, experiments testing Bell's inequalities (via the spatial geometry of the intersection of field precession cones), and induced coherence (the ZWM experiment), it is demonstrated that the observed synchronization of split detectors is governed by local, deterministic processes of sub-quantum self-organization, near-field dynamic entrainment, and the formation of a spatial minimum of motion between coaxial vortex structures. Keywords: quantum entanglement, Bell's inequalities, non-locality, ether-dynamics, Hong–Ou–Mandel effect, ZWM experiment, Planck particles, Helmholtz vortices, spontaneous parametric down-conversion, field precession cones.
AbstractThe paper presents an alternative, strictly local physical interpretation of quantum entanglement and the violation of Bell's inequalities, completely eliminating the mathematical artifact of "non-locality". Within the framework of the ether-dynamical paradigm of a discrete massless ether developed by the author, a standard photon is defined as a subquantum chain of closed toroidal corpuscles (Planck particles). Based on a critical review of earlier hypotheses, the authors prove that orthogonally correlated IR photons are born in a non-linear crystal as a result of a direct mechanical interaction: the movement of a laser beam entrains and longitudinally deforms the spirals of the electric field of a stationary nucleon. Forced precession of the fields, caused by their rotation relative to the laser beam, ensures their spatial divergence. Field deformations initially establish the mutual perpendicularity of polarizations until the moment of breakdown and segmentation of the chains. The work restores the principle of close-range action and offers a clear space-time model of sub-substantial processes.
In the Cosmology of the Quarkbase, quantum particles and photons are interpreted as excitations of an etheric plasma represented by the scalar or vector field Ψ(x,t). An experiment that, in standard quantum theory, produces an entangled pair instead generates in this framework a single non-local field excitation: a coherent combination of Ψ-modes correlated through conservation of momentum, spin, and polarization, as well as through the coupling topology between local sources (quarkbases). Local measurement acts as a projection on this extended excitation, producing the experimentally observed strong correlations without any exchange of causal signals between detectors. The Quarkbase formalism introduces explicit medium parameters —density ρp, compressibility K, and effective mass mΨ— that define physical scales such as the screening length λ = 1/mΨ. These quantities determine the spatial decay of entanglement visibility according to V(r) ∝ e⁻ʳ/λ / r, and the effective CHSH parameter becomes Seff = C(r) 2√2. Therefore, if the vacuum possesses a finite λ, Bell-type correlations should attenuate exponentially with distance, providing a falsifiable signature of a massive or screened etheric field. Mathematically, the framework reproduces the predictions of quantum field theory —Bell states, coincidence probabilities, CHSH violation— while offering an ontological interpretation in which entanglement arises from the geometry and coherence of the Ψ-field rather than from instantaneous nonlocal action. The theory therefore unifies microscopic quantum behavior with macroscopic medium dynamics, transforming questions about “collapse” and “nonlocality” into experimentally testable properties of the underlying ether-plasma.
In recent decades it was established that the measurements of physical quantities in space-time points divided by large space-like intervals can be correlated.The correlation is created by the measurements while their mutual influence requires the corresponding supraliminal velocities.This situation is commonly known as the violation of the Bell inequality in the Bohm version of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox.Nearly 40 years the question remains disputable with a variety of contradicting views.The most frequently the violation is explained by the existence of some momentary action at a distance which obliges the quantum mechanics (as well as all nature) to be nonlocal.We find the "common cause in the past" as the origin of the observed quantum correlation which so far was unnoticed either by the partisans of quantum non-locality or their opponents.The novelty of our approach is the accent on the expressions for the observed physical quantities rather than on the "entangled" two-particle wave functions.We show the crucial role of phases in the correlation process that is hard to notice using the traditional approach.
This paper aims to clarify the true physical relation of photon pairs and to falsify the "entanglement collapse" hypothesis that standard quantum mechanics imposes upon them. Bell experiments violating Bell's inequality only rule out "local independent hidden variables," and are not a sufficient condition for proving "superposition plus wave-function collapse." The physical definition of entanglement in standard quantum mechanics is: subsystems are strongly correlated, the system is inseparable, and the individual subsystem has no definite independent physical state; its mathematical expressions are the non-factorizability of pure-state wave functions and the non-convex-combination of mixed-state density matrices. The physical definition and mathematical expressions are fully aligned: the individual subsystem cannot be written as a separate expression and has no definite independent physical state. Operationally, it is also absolutely impossible to realize an individual measurement of the subsystem. However, in Bell experiments, photon pairs are separately and individually measured on spatially separated detectors, which directly falsifies the premise that "the photon pair is in an entangled state." Stripping away mysticism, the true relation of two photons is a linear equation with two unknowns (independent particles under an initial-state constraint); the three-photon logic (a linear equation with three unknowns) proves that after measuring one photon, the other two still have not collapsed into definite values and must still be measured individually to obtain their states—"wave-function collapse into a definite value" is purely fictitious in algebraic logic.
A connection is revealed between the superposition principle and locality. A self consistent interpretation of the superposition principle is put forth, from which it is shown that quantum mechanics may be a local statistical theory. Then it is shown how Bell experiments can be satisfactorily explained by assuming local nature for entangled particles, i.e., the violation of Bell inequality cannot distinguish between locality and nonlocality, which is referred to as locality loophole. Moreover, existing experimental results are presented indicating locality in quantum mechanics and new experiments are proposed so that the locality loophole may be closed.