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Applied Optics

Quantum coherent control of intensity- interrogation optical sensing of surface plasmon polaritons using a radio-frequency-driven atomic medium

Ibrar Ul Haq, Abdul Majeeed, Zeeshan Ali, Amir Ali

Published Jun 18, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, a four-level atomic medium driven by radio-frequency (RF) coupled to a plasmonic structure is employed to manipulate the optical response actively. The sensitivity S I is analyzed under variations of RF coupling strength, control-field Rabi frequency, and probe detuning. The results reveal that RF modulation dramatically alters dispersion and absorption properties, resulting in variation in significant intensity-interrogation sensitivity. Under suitable tuning settings, a maximum calculated sensitivity of 2000 Wm −2 / RIU is obtained. The radio-frequency coupling provides an effective mechanism for controlling and optimizing the intensity-interrogation sensitivity of SPPs. The obtained results demonstrate a dynamically tunable approach for enhanced plasmonic sensors and tunable optical devices.

DOI
10.1364/ao.601120

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Abstract In a four-level atomic configuration, we suggest a theoretical framework that is capable of obtaining sub-wavelength atomic localization by utilizing surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Via quantum interference mechanisms, we exhibit precise atomic positioning by utilizing the strong electromagnetic field confinement and enhanced near field interactions inherent to (SPPs). Our model employs specialized probe and control fields to generate spatially dependent absorption, thereby facilitating atomic localization with nanometer scale precision. We have identified sharply defined localization patterns that are regulated by phase modulation and detuning parameters through comprehensive numerical simulations. The conventional diffraction limit is effectively overcome by the coupling between (SPP) modes and atomic states, while quantum coherence is maintained. These findings provide practical implications for applications in plasmon enhanced spectroscopy, nanolithography, and atomic trapping, as they open new frontiers for quantum-scale manipulation. Additionally, we establish the optimal operational parameters that optimize spatial resolution and suppress decoherence in plasmonic nanostructures.