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Experimental Protocol for Testing Information Transfer via Weak Measurement and Quantum Entanglement without a Classical Communication Channel

Oleksandr Olegovich Kurmanchuk

Published Jun 11, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This document proposes a novel experimental protocol to test whether quantum information can manifest at a receiver without any classical signal, using weak measurement, post-selection, and pre-shared quantum entanglement. After systematic computational search over 6.4 billion parameter combinations, weak measurement combined with post-selection and complete isolation from classical communication was identified as the sole surviving candidate not excluded by known physics. The accompanying Jupyter notebook contains all source code and raw computational results. A positive experimental result would constitute the first empirical challenge to the no-communication theorem; a negative result closes this specific theoretical gap.

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.20635093

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•Jan 23, 2026•0 citations
This document proposes a novel experimental protocol to test whether quantum information can manifest at a receiver without any classical signal, using weak measurement, post-selection, and pre-shared quantum entanglement. After systematic computational search over 6.4 billion parameter combinations, weak measurement combined with post-selection and complete isolation from classical communication was identified as the sole surviving candidate not excluded by known physics. The accompanying Jupyter notebook contains all source code and raw computational results. A positive experimental result would constitute the first empirical challenge to the no-communication theorem; a negative result closes this specific theoretical gap.
Quantum entanglement plays a central role in many quantum communication protocols. It allows distant particles to share correlations beyond the limits of classical interactions. Entanglement is essential for superdense coding, quantum teleportation, and secure cryptographic key distribution in quantum communication. It is also a pillar for developing quantum networks, where the management and distribution of entanglement are crucial for connecting distant nodes. Although perfect entanglement is a sought-after ideal, experimental imperatives, including entanglement distribution over long distances, often limit the quality of entangled states. An important question is whether weaker entanglement still offers advantages. First, we study more general tasks than dense coding to show that simpler measurements, combined with entanglement, allow advantageous and sometimes even optimal qubit communication protocols to be obtained. We also demonstrate that simple measurements can generate quantum correlations that cannot be modelled by two classical communication bits and can constitute an optimal protocol with quantum resources. We implement a novel Bell-type inequality tailored for certifying full network non-locality (FNN) to develop certification methods guaranteeing security on an entanglement-based network. Our experiment uses two pairs of polarised entangled photons in a network configuration with three nodes, briefly referred to as a bilocal network scenario. Finally, we show that weakly entangled states can improve communication over a qubit channel using only separate (local) measurements on isotropic non-steerable two-qubit states, without interference, of individual photons, across two communication tasks: secret sharing and its stochastic variant.
In order to understand whether nonlocality implies information transfer, a quantum optical experimental test, well within the scope of current technology, is proposed. It is essentially a delayed choice experiment as applied to entangled particles. The basic idea is: given two observers sharing position-momentum entangled photons, one party chooses whether she measures position or momentum of her photons after the particles leave the source. The other party should infer her action by checking for the absence or presence of characteristic interference patterns after subjecting his particles to certain optical pre-processing. An occurance of signal transmission is attributed to the breakdown of complementarity in incomplete measurements. Since the result implies that the transferred information is classical, we discuss some propositions for safeguarding causality.
Violations of Bell inequalities are a hallmark of entanglement, with only entangled states capable of exceeding classical bounds in standard Bell tests. Here we analyze anomalous weak values of the CHSH-Bell operator in pre- and post-selected (PPS) quantum ensembles, using them to define separability-constrained bounds on Bell-type nonlocal correlations in the presence of post-selection. Fixing the overlap between the pre- and post-selected states, we compare three scenarios: unrestricted boundary states, one separable boundary state, and both boundary states separable. For each case, we derive both the maximal weak value for a fixed Bell operator and the maximal bound obtained by further optimizing over all CHSH operators. Our results show that post-selection and entanglement are distinct operational resources: post-selection alone can enhance correlations, but entanglement is necessary to exceed the corresponding separable PPS bounds, and their combination yields the strongest attainable correlations. Thus the separable PPS bound plays the role of a post-selected separability benchmark, distinct from the standard Bell bound. We further show that the enhancement beyond the separable bound closely tracks the concurrence of the states that optimize the bounds, identifying entanglement as the source of the additional correlation strength. Finally, we show that nonlocal weak values provide post-selected entanglement witnesses, and we give a constructive protocol that detects every pure two-qubit source state with nonzero concurrence in the ideal state-adapted setting, even in regimes where the corresponding standard CHSH entanglement test is inconclusive. More broadly, our results motivate hybrid protocols that combine post-selection and entanglement, with possible applications to improved quantum sensing, weak-value amplification, and quantum information processing.
This paper tests a specific, falsifiable hypothesis: under standard quantum mechanics, measurement order on sender qubits cannot produce statistically distinguishable distributions on receiver qubit measurements. Any decoder operating solely on receiver statistics should achieve only chance accuracy (50%). To test this, we designed and executed experiments on real quantum hardware (IQM Garnet and Rigetti Ankaa-3 via AWS Braket). Using 8-qubit W+GHZ entangled structures, we encoded binary information by varying collapse order on sender qubits and decoded by measuring receiver qubit statistics. Results contradict the null hypothesis: 100% classification accuracy (10/10 bits correctly decoded) 23σ statistical significance (χ² = 548.45, p = 2.74×10⁻¹²¹) Cross-platform replication on Rigetti Ankaa-3 (5σ) Control experiments without entanglement: 50% accuracy (random chance) Witness qubits rule out electromagnetic crosstalk The protocol parameters (topology, collapse-order mapping, decision threshold) were pre-specified in July 2025—six months before hardware validation—eliminating post-hoc tuning concerns. Supplementary materials S1 and S2 document this timeline with SHA-256 hashes. These results demonstrate that collapse-order information can be encoded and decoded within entangled quantum systems, implementing a semantic communication protocol that requires entanglement and cannot be explained by standard quantum mechanics combined with calibrated device noise. Archive includes: complete manuscript, Jupyter notebook with experiment code, raw JSON results from AWS Braket tasks, prior protocol documentation (S1), and hardware-calibrated simulation suite (S2).