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arXiv:1110.4629 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Proposal for a feasible quantum-optical experiment to test the validity of the no-signaling theorem

Demetrios A. Kalamidas

Published Apr 22, 2013• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Motivated by a proposal from [Phys. Scr.T76, 57 (1998)10.1238/Physica.Topical.076a00057PHSTBO0031-8949] for superluminal signaling and inspired by an experiment from [Phys. Rev. Lett.67, 318 (1991)10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.318PRLTAO0031-9007] showing interference effects within multiparticle entanglement without coincidence detection, we propose a feasible quantum-optical experiment that purports to manifest the capacity for superluminal transfer of information between distant parties.

DOI
10.1364/josab.30.001290

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Motivated by a proposal from [Phys. Scr.T76, 57 (1998)10.1238/Physica.Topical.076a00057PHSTBO0031-8949] for superluminal signaling and inspired by an experiment from [Phys. Rev. Lett.67, 318 (1991)10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.318PRLTAO0031-9007] showing interference effects within multiparticle entanglement without coincidence detection, we propose a feasible quantum-optical experiment that purports to manifest the capacity for superluminal transfer of information between distant parties.
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We consider the problem of deriving the no-signaling condition from the assumption that, as seen from a complexity theoretic perspective, the universe is not an exponential place. A fact that disallows such a derivation is the existence of polynomial superluminal gates, hypothetical primitive operations that enable superluminal signaling but not the efficient solution of intractable problems. It therefore follows, if this assumption is a basic principle of physics, either that it must be supplemented with additional assumptions to prohibit such gates or, improbably, that no-signaling is not a universal condition. Yet a gate of this kind is possibly implicit, although not recognized as such, in a decade-old quantum optical experiment involving position–momentum entangled photons. Here, we describe a feasible modified version of the experiment that appears to explicitly demonstrate the action of this gate. Some obvious counter-claims are shown to be invalid. We believe that the unexpected possibility of polynomial superluminal operations arises because some practically measured quantum optical quantities are not describable as standard quantum mechanical observables.
We study the detection of continuous-variable entanglement, for which most of the existing methods designed so far require a full specification of the devices, and we present protocols for entanglement detection in a scenario where the measurement devices are completely uncharacterized. We first generalize, to the continuous variable regime, the seminal results by Buscemi [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 200401 (2012)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.108.200401] and Branciard et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 060405 (2013)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.110.060405], showing that all entangled states can be detected in this scenario. Most importantly, we then describe a practical protocol that allows for the measurement-device-independent certification of entanglement of all two-mode entangled Gaussian states. This protocol is feasible with current technology as it makes use only of standard optical setups such as coherent states and homodyne measurements.