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Acta Physica Sinica

High-resolution measurement of multi-channel fluorescence spectra from the 5D5/2 state of 87Rb atoms via two-photon excitation

XU Zhenlu, ZHANG Jianan, LIU Yimin, Yuqing Liu, 贾凤东, WANG Jinghui, MENG Fei, Qiang WANG, ZHANG Jianwei, ZHONG Zhiping

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations

Abstract

本文采用780 nm探测光与776 nm耦合光组成的双光子激发方案，测量了87Rb原子5D5/2态的荧光光谱，利用高分辨光谱仪首次实现了5D态经由6P和5P能级衰变至基态的多通道荧光光谱(包括420.3 nm、421.7 nm、762 nm以及795 nm)的光谱分辨，光谱分辨率优于0.5 nm。研究了探测光强度、耦合光强度及其偏振组合、缓冲气体对各通道荧光强度的影响。研究结果表明，探测光与耦合光功率增强会导致荧光信号出现饱和效应；偏振调制效应在圆偏振光条件下更为显著；充入缓冲气体Ne会加速饱和及自吸收过程，同时Ne原子与铷原子的碰撞促进了5D5/2→5D3/2能级的无辐射转移，增加了衰变路径，从而释放出新的荧光信号。该工作加深了对碱金属原子双光子激发动力学、碰撞诱导能级转移机制的理解，为碰撞效应对荧光测温过程的影响提供了实验参考，也为相关测温方案向里德堡体系的拓展提供了光谱学技术。

DOI: 10.7498/aps.75.20260526

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本文采用780 nm探测光与776 nm耦合光组成的双光子激发方案，测量了87Rb原子5D5/2态的荧光光谱，利用高分辨光谱仪首次实现了5D态经由6P和5P能级衰变至基态的多通道荧光光谱(包括420.3 nm、421.7 nm、762 nm以及795 nm)的光谱分辨，光谱分辨率优于0.5 nm。研究了探测光强度、耦合光强度及其偏振组合、缓冲气体对各通道荧光强度的影响。研究结果表明，探测光与耦合光功率增强会导致荧光信号出现饱和效应；偏振调制效应在圆偏振光条件下更为显著；充入缓冲气体Ne会加速饱和及自吸收过程，同时Ne原子与铷原子的碰撞促进了5D5/2→5D3/2能级的无辐射转移，增加了衰变路径，从而释放出新的荧光信号。该工作加深了对碱金属原子双光子激发动力学、碰撞诱导能级转移机制的理解，为碰撞效应对荧光测温过程的影响提供了实验参考，也为相关测温方案向里德堡体系的拓展提供了光谱学技术。

We report on spectroscopic measurements of the Rb 5 D 5/2 state performed using two-photon excitation with a resonant intermediate state. With the two beams (5 S 1/2 → 5 P 3/2 at 780 nm and 5 P 3/2 → 5 D 5/2 at 776 nm) counterpropagating, the spectra are Doppler-free and the signals are very robust, even in a room temperature vapor. This is due to the near match of the transition wavelengths. The 5 D 5/2 hyperfine constants have been measured and compared to previous determinations. We have also performed the excitation in a sample of laser-cooled atoms and compare these results to those obtained at room temperature. The fact that the 5 P 3/2 → 5 D 5/2 transition is narrow, robust, diode-laser accessible, and relatively immune to AC-Stark shifts, may make it a promising candidate for a frequency reference at 776 nm.

以“鬼成像”为代表的关联成像具有新颖的物理现象和潜在的应用价值，已经吸引了众多学者的研究兴趣，其中光源关联特性的测量显得格外重要。然而，热光光源（太阳光、钨丝灯光）的相干时间太短，以至于无法采用现有探测器直接测量，阻碍了被动关联成像技术的发展。对此，基于虚能级极短寿命的超快时间分辨能力的双光子吸收过程，提出使用光子计数型光电倍增管探测器，采用迈克尔逊干涉仪对谱宽为150 nm的超连续激光的关联特性进行测量，测得的相干时间为60 fs、峰背比为2.6∶1，与理论预测一致，此外，与自发辐射光源（峰背比4∶1）和脉冲光（峰背比8∶1）的二阶关联函数相比，超连续激光的关联函数的峰背比展示出了不同的结果（峰背比2.6∶1），基于双光子吸收过程测量光源关联特性的方法给识别不同种类的光源提供了一种新的途径。该方法的实验装置更加简单紧凑，为直接使用太阳光进行“鬼成像”提供了一种新思路。

We demonstrate two-photon bi-chromatic excitation of cold rubidium atoms in flight, using the pathway 5S1/2→5P3/2→5D5/2 with two resonant photons. In our experiment, Rb85 atoms are laser-cooled in a magneto-optical trap and launched upward in discrete clouds with a controllable vertical speed of 7.1±0.6 m/s and a velocity spread that is less than 10% of the launch speed. Outside the cooling beams, as high as 14 mm above the original center of the trap, the launched cold atoms are illuminated simultaneously by spatially localized horizontal excitation beams at 780 nm (5S1/2→5P3/2) and 776 nm (5P3/2→5D5/2). We monitor transmission of the 780-nm beam over a range of intensities of 780-nm and 776-nm light. As the center of the moving cloud passes the excitation beams, we observe as much as 97.9±1.2% transmission when the rate of two-photon absorption is high and the 5S1/2 and 5P3/2 states are depopulated, compared to 87.6±0.9% transmission if only the 780-nm beam is present. This demonstrates two-photon excitation of a launched cold-atom source with controllable launch velocity and narrow velocity spread, as a foundation for three-photon excitation to Rydberg states.