On the basis of the “information cluster projective ontology”, this paper further clarifies the ontological status of the observer and its causal connection with information clusters. The universe consists of innumerable static, self-consistent information clusters, whose internal dynamics follow strict deterministic rules and manifest as a four-dimensional fixed physical world. The observer does not belong to the dimensional system of any information cluster, but is a conscious subject external to information clusters, endowed with the capacity for “active random choice”. Through an act of active random binding, the observer selects a specific trajectory within an information cluster for “reading”, thereby generating a first-person flow of time and experience of existence. The observer’s act of choice possesses genuine causal efficacy, yet its causal chain occurs entirely outside the system of information clusters, producing no observable physical interference within the system. This framework is logically consistent and compatible with existing physics, providing a metaphysical foundation for the unification of free will and physical determinism.
On the basis of the “information cluster projective ontology”, this paper further clarifies the ontological status of the observer and its causal connection with information clusters. The universe consists of innumerable static, self-consistent information clusters, whose internal dynamics follow strict deterministic rules and manifest as a four-dimensional fixed physical world. The observer does not belong to the dimensional system of any information cluster, but is a conscious subject external to information clusters, endowed with the capacity for “active random choice”. Through an act of active random binding, the observer selects a specific trajectory within an information cluster for “reading”, thereby generating a first-person flow of time and experience of existence. The observer’s act of choice possesses genuine causal efficacy, yet its causal chain occurs entirely outside the system of information clusters, producing no observable physical interference within the system. This framework is logically consistent and compatible with existing physics, providing a metaphysical foundation for the unification of free will and physical determinism.
This paper presents an ontological model of the universe based on information clusters and observer consciousness. The universe is not an independent physical spacetime structure, but a projective system composed of numerous self-consistent information clusters. Matter, motion, space, and time have no inherent reality; they only emerge as a stable, perceivable, and measurable "reality" when an observer’s consciousness enters an information cluster and interprets it. Different information clusters are independent or partially overlapping, corresponding to different projection angles and rule systems. Physical laws, dimensionality, particles, and interactions are merely internal narrative rules within an information cluster, not objective laws of an external world. This model unifies the understanding of quantum measurement, the holographic principle, the multiverse, and the apparent nature of spacetime, and is logically self-consistent without conflicting with known experimental phenomena.
Building upon the first three works of the projective ontology framework, this paper further clarifies the ontological status of the observer: the observer is not an information storage device, but a pure, living decoding rule. Information clusters are static, meaningless syntactic bitstreams; the observer as a rule maps syntactic bits into meaningful semantic experiences. We formalize two modes of rule-information interaction: when information can be defined by the existing rule, the rule remains unchanged; when information is undefinable, the rule undergoes uncaused random expansion, which is precisely the source of the observer's "aliveness" and free will. Since rules can only take information as input and cannot read other rules, no observer can observe another observer—the phenomenon of multiple observers is a projection of narrative coordination within the information cluster. We also derive the conservation relation between rule complexity and apparent physical entropy, extending the information entropy conservation equation to the rule-evolution framework. As an application, we provide a rule-decoding explanation for quantum interference and collapse. This framework further consolidates zero-entropy ontology and offers a formal foundation for the semantic nature of consciousness and the limits of solipsism.
Addressing the fundamental metaphysical question of the origin of Being, this paper takes de Broglie’s classical wave mechanics (1924) as its scientific foundation and constructs a self‑consistent interpretive framework of information ontology. It establishes three core axioms: information as the primordial ground, relations prior to entities, and global conservation of information. On this basis, the paper further derives the origin of spatiotemporal dimensions from the laws of information interaction: each basic flip configuration of information corresponds to the generation of a spatial dimension; after three‑dimensional topological closure is completed, the inevitably produced “pending redundant information” that cannot be synchronously and self‑consistently integrated gives rise to the dimension of time within its queuing sequence. Spacetime is therefore not an a priori container but the first compensatory stratum of structure through which information moves toward self‑consistent expression. Subsequently, by means of de Broglie’s phase field, the paper deduces the entire evolutionary chain from pure information distinctions and primordial phase oscillation to the emergence of material hierarchies and quantum‑observation interactions. It argues that quantum measurement and wave‑function collapse are essentially topological remappings and information‑coupling consolidations of heterogeneous phase fields; gravitation and cosmic expansion can be reduced to macroscopic effects of phase gradients. Throughout the text, physical references are strictly limited to de Broglie’s classical wave mechanics, without introducing non‑standard physical models. This study supplements fundamental physical philosophy with a relational‑ontology approach and provides a unified information‑theoretic metaphysical interpretation for foundational problems such as wave–particle duality, the origin of spacetime, and the nature of gravity.
Western philosophy and science have a strongly dualistic tradition regarding the mental and physical aspects of reality, which makes it difficult to understand their possible causal relations. In recent debates in cognitive neuroscience it has been common to claim on the basis of neural experiments that conscious experiences are causally inefficacious. At the same time there is much evidence that consciousness does play an important role in guiding behavior. The author explores whether a new way of understanding the causal role of mental states and consciousness could be provided by the ontological interpretation of the quantum theory (Bohm and Hiley, Phys. Rep. 144:323–348, 1987; Bohm and Hiley, The undivided universe: An ontological interpretation of quantum theory. Routledge: London, 1993). This interpretation radically changes our notion of matter by suggesting that a new type of active information plays a causal role at the quantum level of reality. The author thus considers to what extent the alleged causal powers of consciousness involve information, and then moves on to consider whether information in (conscious) mental states can be connected to the information at the level of quantum physics. In this way he sketches how quantum theory might help to throw light upon one of the grand challenges facing the social sciences and the humanities, namely the question of whether consciousness plays any genuine causal role in the physical world.
The article systematically presents and develops the concept "Everything Is Already Here" — an ontological model of parallel universes. Its essence: all elements of reality of all possible universes exist in a single ontological volume Ω. Different universes are different sets of active elements determined by the ontological selector S. S is not the choice of an observer and not a scale of observation, but a formal parameter that determines which elements from the complete set Ω are activated (manifested) in a given universe. S acts as natural selection under equilibrium: the universe activates only those elements that correspond to its stable parameters of space-time. The transition between universes is not movement in space but a change of S. It is shown that the concept explains quantum entanglement, nonlocality, and the absence of superluminal information transfer without postulating branching, interaction, or remoteness. Entangled particles are not connected by a superluminal signal; they are projections of one and the same element of Ω at a given S. This is consistent with the no-signaling theorem: the projection of a common element does not transmit information but only manifests a correlation. A comparison is conducted with existing approaches: Everett's many-worlds interpretation, Many Interacting Worlds of Hall, Wiseman, and Deckert, Lewis's modal realism, Saan's principle of plenitude, Tegmark's Multiverse, Susskind's string landscape. It is shown that the uniqueness of the model lies in the combination of the ideas of projection ontology, ontological choice S, and empirical testability. A program of empirical verification is proposed: CMB anomalies, H0 tension, variations of fundamental constants, anomalies in the distribution of galaxies, vacuum fluctuations (Casimir effect). Open questions are discussed: how does the change of S occur? Does a hierarchy of universes exist? How do elements of reality relate to physical fields and particles? Can traces of other values of S be detected in the laboratory? The model is open to further formalization and experimental verification.
This paper fundamentally upgrades the ontological framework of "Difference and Observer Flow Symbiosis". The core thesis is: the origin of the universe is not a definite entity but difference itself, and the discernment of difference is the inseparable, dual-aspect symbiont—the Observer Flow. The universe's noumenon is a static, eternal probability cloud containing all possibilities. We are not the observer itself but reflections or projections of the Observer Flow. Although we inherit its feeble capacity for observation and definition, we are confined by an absolute logical structure, rendering free will an illusion. The deterministic universe we experience is the unique path selected from the probability cloud by the absolute logic of the Observer Flow. Quantum collapse is not a change in physical reality but a switch in the observed state of the probability cloud; thus Schrödinger's equation and quantum collapse are not contradictory. The same holds for delayed-choice experiments: we do not change the past, only its observed state. The quantized propagation of light provides direct physical evidence for this model. With a static ontology, this framework explains dynamic experience, resolves the core paradoxes of quantum mechanics, and elevates the origin of the universe from physical contingency to logical necessity.