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Bulletin of Kyrgyz State University named after I Arabaev

MODELING THE MOTION OF AN ELECTRON IN A POTENTIAL WELL OF FINITE DEPTH

Maralbek Ch. Oskonbaev, K. Osmonaliev, P.Zh. Kozhobekova, A. Urustom kyzy

Published Jun 27, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The process of mathematical modeling of the electron motion in a potential well of finite depth using a virtual laboratory is considered. Despite the fact that quantum physics has existed for more than a century, its laws were studied only with the help of mathematical formulas, and the probability density of the wave function describing the microparticle was determined. With the help of mathematical formulas, the values of discrete energy distributions, as well as the wave function of the microparticle, were determined. In this scientific article, a wave function of electron motion in a finite potential well and its discreteness relative to the values of energy quantum numbers are obtained using a special program. If the principal quantum number is equal to one, the wave function has only one curve, if the principal quantum number is equal to two, it has a curve with two peaks, if the principal quantum number is equal to three, it has a curve with three peaks, and if the principal quantum number is equal to four, it has a curve with four peaks. Between each quantum number, there are no values of the wave function density, which corresponds to forbidden zones, while in the areas where there is a w

DOI
10.33514/1694-7851-2025-2/2-513-520

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Wuli yu gongcheng.•Apr 1, 2025•1 citation
The process of mathematical modeling of the electron motion in a potential well of finite depth using a virtual laboratory is considered. Despite the fact that quantum physics has existed for more than a century, its laws were studied only with the help of mathematical formulas, and the probability density of the wave function describing the microparticle was determined. With the help of mathematical formulas, the values of discrete energy distributions, as well as the wave function of the microparticle, were determined. In this scientific article, a wave function of electron motion in a finite potential well and its discreteness relative to the values of energy quantum numbers are obtained using a special program. If the principal quantum number is equal to one, the wave function has only one curve, if the principal quantum number is equal to two, it has a curve with two peaks, if the principal quantum number is equal to three, it has a curve with three peaks, and if the principal quantum number is equal to four, it has a curve with four peaks. Between each quantum number, there are no values of the wave function density, which corresponds to forbidden zones, while in the areas where there is a w
Modern physical picture of the world is a quantum field and requires specific conceptual and mathematical apparatus. Practically, each concept is supplied by means of some mathematical structures from branches of mathematical and functional analysis, for the qualitative understanding which required independent decision by the student to practice specific physical problems. Design of information models of the physical processes allows us to comprehend the task as the object or phenomenon of the physical reality, to analyze it using various mathematical methods, to develop algorithm and the program of the interchange on the computer. The file contains data on the calculation of the wave functions of the first three stationary states of an electron in a potential well of a special type, which were presented in work Turinov A., Galdina A. Application Of Computer Modeling To Solving Quantum-Mechanical Problems // Physical and Mathematical Education : scientific journal. – 2017. – Issue 3(13). – Р. 170-177 (available at https://fmo-journal.fizmatsspu.sumy.ua/journals/2017-v3-13/2017_3-13-TurinovGaldina_Scientific_journal_F.pdf). Calculations were made in Wolfram Mathematica. The energies of these states were also calculated and the corresponding graphs were plotted.
Three methods-a documental analysis, a textual method, a comprehensive analysis- are used in this article to analyze the energy levels of motional particles and their wave functions of one-dimensional finite deep symmetrical square potential wells, thus solving the eigen-values and eigen-functions at their corresponding energetic levels. Due to the three following advantages of a one-dimensional problem-its simpler mathematical processing, and the possible detailed-discussed results, and the display of the many features of quantum systems, so in the paper, the eigen-values and the exact formulas of the wave functions of moving particles in a one-dimensional finite deep symmetric square potential wells, which are not specified in the textbooks, are deviated according to the Schrodinger equation of stationary state through a case study of moving particles in a one-dimensional finite deep symmetric square potential wells.
The quantum model of finite potential well is a most subject in the book of quantum mechanics. The solutions maybe derive from one dimension Schrödinger’s equation for describe a bound state energy of confined particle in the finite potential well. Sometime, the problem of confined particle in the finite potential well does not have an exact solution yet, but there are in fact exact solution.In this work a numerical technique is adopted to find the exact solution for the quantum model of finite potential well. To achieve this numerical solution, I use Fortran code computer program by the Newton-Raphson method for calculating the Eigen state energy for a particle (electron) confined in the finite potential well. Five values of potential width and depth have studied, the results showed that large potential width and large potential depth led me to more bound states, while smaller potential width and depth led me to fewer bound states.A comparison between infinite potential and finite potential has been presented. The results bound state energy and penetration. The results of comparison showed that the wave function of particle confined in the infinite potential cannot penetrate in the well, while the wave function of particle in the finite potential was penetrate in the well; the energy levels of an infinite well are much higher than that the corresponding energy levels for finite potential well. For confined particle in 2 or 3-dimension, we can reduce from result of 1-dimension.
Particle in one dimensional potential well demonstrates typical quantum mechanical behaviors determined by the related Schrodinger equation. The problem is solved here with a quasi-classical particle model that qualifies for quantum wave description. Our results cover majority of previous conclusions and reveal new mechanisms that, closure of the particle’s trajectory leads to quantization and lateral projections of particle’s three dimensional trajectories generate the Schrodinger wave functions for different energies. We explain that, Schrodinger wave functions represent different modes of particle’s motion and their amplitudes might measure the probability density that the particle is to be observed, but their interference invalids the probabilistic implication.
A new method for consideration of an electron stationary motion in the field of an arbitrary one-dimensional potential. It is shown that for a case of an electron infinite motion, the problem of determination of wave functions can be represented as Cauchy problem for the one-dimensional Schrodinger equation. For the case of finite motion the equation determining the energy spectrum is found. It is proved, when the spectrum of bound states is know, the problem of building the wave functions of the discrete spectrum can be formulated as Cauchy problem for wave equation as well.
By solving the Schrodinger equations in three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) finite depth center spherically symmetric square potential well, the eigenequations of bounded energy levels and their distributions are obtained, and the analytical solution for any bound state wave function is given. Both the eigenequations of the energy levels as well as the stationary state wave functions are closely related to the (spherical) Bessel functions. It is found that for the 3D case, there exists a bound solution when 2μa2V0/ħ2>π2/4 is present. While for the 2D case, there exists a bound state if 2μa2V0/ħ2>0.1993. Finally, numerical methods are used to analyze the characteristics of probability density distribution of different quantum states. It is found that in both three-dimensional and two-dimensional situations, the maximum number of probability density distributions inside the well corresponds exactly to the quantum number n. The larger n or the smaller α is, the higher the probability of discovering particles outside the well. In addition, the angular momentum quantum number l or m can characterize the degree to which particles deviate from the center or the uniform distribution.