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平凡の原理と主観確率 : 参照集団はどう決まるか

Yutaka Shinba

Published Jun 1, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

It is asserted by many astrophysicists and philosophers that the Copernican Principle applied to the future of our civilization seems to give some prediction on remaining time.And, the anthropoic principle seems to explain the fine tuning of our universe.However, the use of the anthropic principle and the Copernican (mediocrity) principle , will conclude drastically different subjective probability for slightly different situation.That is, of course, related to the difficulty of the principle of no difference, namely the problem of reference ensemble.We will integrate the many world problems of anthropic principle, enigma of interpretation of probability, the harder problem of consciousness, transmigration view, many-universe in cosmology and many worlds in quantum mechanics.Then, we discuss the prior identification and the posteriorly acquired status, and also discuss the relation between subjective and objective probability.Additionally, we treat the quantum monad theory.1，序論 確率の謎に関係すると思われる多世界論あるいは可能 世界論が，一見縁遠いと思われる色々な分野にある．一つ は，量子力学の観測問題, 解釈問題のーつの解決である， Everette の多世界解釈 13, 14 ・ 33-38) である.第二には意識の 超難間または「わたくし」の問題 1-9 ・ 18 ・ 39-52)と呼ばれる 唯我論, 自我などに関する問題の説明に使われるもの．こ れは一人称の死生学,転生世界観,ゾンビ問題とも関係が 深い．この線では中込の量子モナド理論 54.55)もその視界 に入ってくる．そして第三には，宇宙のフアイン・チュー ニングに対するーつの理解法である人間原理 7-12 ・ 14 ・」 9), 更にその発展形としての地球文明に対する終末論法等に 現れる平凡の原理である.

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Introduction As a prescription for ascribing a priori probability weightings to the eventuality of finding oneself in the position of particular conceivable observers, the anthropic principle was originally developed for application to problems of cosmology [1] and biology [2]. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a self-contained introductory account of the motivation and reasoning underlying the recent development [3] of a more refined version of the anthropic principle that is needed for the provision of a coherent interpretation of quantum theory. In order to describe ordinary laboratory applications, it is commonly convenient, and entirely adequate, to use a ‘Copenhagen’ type representation, in which a Hilbert state vector undergoes ‘collapse’ when an observation is made. However, from a broader perspective it is rather generally recognized that such a collapse cannot correspond to any actual physical process. A leading school of thought on this subject was founded by Everett [4], who maintained the principle of the physical reality of the Hilbert state, and deduced that — in view of the agreement that no physical collapse process occurs — none of the ensuing branch channels can be ‘more real than the rest’. This was despite the paradox posed by the necessity that they be characterized by different (my italics) ‘weightings’, the nature of which was never satisfactorily explained. This intellectual flaw in the Everett doctrine was commonly overlooked, not so much by its adherents, who were seriously concerned about it [5], as by its opponents, who were upset by its revolutionary ‘multi-universe’ implications.

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Jun 21, 2007•6 citations

量子粒子と言語

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量子形而上学と言語学との関連する部分についての研究である。言語を発せざるものとしての量子粒子はマクロの装置の発する言語によってのみわれわれに情報を与えてくれる。潜点は意識下の世界に存在していて, いまだ言語の形態をとっていなくて, われわれが意識することはない。言語を発するものとしてのマクロの実験装置は古典論的にふるまい古典論的にあつかえる。しかし,それらの構成要素の1つ1つはミクロの量子粒子であって量子力学で記述されるはずのものである。量子論では諸説あって, どれが真であるかの最終的な答に至っていない。永らく量子力学の主流であったコペンハーゲン流の解釈も影がうすくなりつつあるが, かくれた変数もベルの不等式の実験的否定により修正を余儀なくされている。マクロの物体もミクロの粒子からなることは潜点がやがて顕点となり言語体系を形成することから考えて, そんなに特殊なことではないことが示されている。|This article studies the related parts of the quantum philosophy and the linguistics. Unspeakable quantum particles give us the informations by the languages spoken by macroscopic apparatus. Implicit points exist in the subliminal world. We are not conscious of them. Speakable macroscopic apparatus behaves classically and we can treat them by the classical theory. But we have to see it as made of atoms, of electrons and nuclei. We have to apply to these entities the only quantum mechnics. There are many opinions in quantum theory. The Copenhagen interpretation has widely accepted, but now it is made light of interpretations. The hidden variables theory must be corrected because of experimental negations of Bell inequality. It is not so singular that macro body is made of micro particles, for the implicit points become the explicit points and form the system of one language.

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We suggest to combine the Anthropic Principle with Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Theory. Realizing the multiplicity of worlds it provides an opportunity of explanation of some important events which are assumed to be extremely improbable. The Mesoscopic Anthropic Principle suggested here is aimed to explain appearance of such events which are necessary for emergence of Life and Mind. It is complementary to Cosmological Anthropic Principle explaining the fine tuning of fundamental constants. We briefly discuss various possible applications of Mesoscopic Anthropic Principle including the Solar Eclipses and assembling of complex molecules. Besides, we address the problem of Time's Arrow in the framework of Many-World Interpretation. We suggest the recipe for disentangling of quantities defined by fundamental physical laws and by an anthropic selection.

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We suggest to combine the Anthropic Principle with the Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Theory.Realizing the multiplicity of worlds it provides an opportunity of explanation of some important events which are assumed to be extremely improbable.The Mesoscopic Anthropic Principle suggested here is aimed to explain appearance of such events which are necessary for emergence of Life and Mind.It is complementary to the Cosmological Anthropic Principle explaining the fine tuning of fundamental constants.We briefly discuss various possible applications of the Mesoscopic Anthropic Principle including the Solar Eclipses and assembling of complex molecules.Besides, we address the problem of Time's Arrow in the framework of the Many-Worlds Interpretation.We suggest the recipe for disentangling of quantities defined by fundamental physical laws and by an anthropic selection.The main emphasis is made on the problem of the biological evolution.

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In order to describe my findings/conclusions systematically, a new semantic system (i.e., a new language) has to be intentionally defined by the present article. Humans are limited in what they know by the technical limitation of their cortical language network. The conventionally-called “physical/objective reality” around my conventionally-called “physical/objective body” is actually a geometric mathematical model (being generated/mathematically-modeled by my brain) – it's actually a subset/component/part/element of my brain’s mind/consciousness. A reality is a situation model (SM). Our universe is an autonomous objective parallel computing automaton (aka state machine) which evolves by itself automatically/unintentionally – wave-particle duality and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle can be explained under this SM of my brain. Each elementary particle (as a building block of our universe) is an autonomous mathematical entity itself (i.e., a thing in itself). Our universe has the same nature as a Game of Life system – both are autonomous objective parallel-computing automata. If we are happy to accept randomness, then it is obviously possible that all other worlds in the many-worlds interpretation do not exist objectively. The conventionally-called “space” does not exist objectively. “Time” and “matter” are not physical. Consciousness is the subjective-form (aka quale) of the mathematical models (of the objective universe) which are intracorporeally/subjectively used by the control logic of a Turing machine’s program directly-fatedly. A Turing machine’s consciousness or deliberate decisions/choices should not be able to actually/objectively change/control/drive the (autonomous or directly-fated) worldline of any elementary particle within this world. Besides the Schrodinger equation (or another mathematical equation/function which is yet to be discovered) which is a valid/correct/factual causality of our universe, every other causality (of our universe) is either invalid/incorrect/counterfactual or can be proved by deductive inference based on the Schrodinger equation (or the aforementioned yet-to-be-discovered mathematical equation/function) only. Consciousness plays no causal role (“epiphenomenalism”), or in other words, any cognitive/behavioural activity can in principle be carried out without consciousness (“conscious inessentialism”). If the “loop quantum gravity” theory is correct, then time/space does not actually/objectively exist in the objective-evolution of the objective universe, or in other words, we should not use the subjective/mental concept of “time”, “state” or “space” to describe/imagine the objective-evolution of our universe.

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本論文は、量子論と仏教を通して得られる実在の視点から、国際移動を取り巻く「現実」という概念について分析する。そこではニュートン物理学が前提とするような強固で確立された世界ではなく、量子論・仏教が前提とするような常に変化し続ける世界を前提とする。この視点に立った時、アクターは本質を持たず常に様々な関係の中で形成されていく。そしてこの形成過程も必ずしも一直線ではなく、アクターのアイデンティティは蛇行・円環を繰り返しながら変化していく。つまり、ここでの実在とは変化そのものなのである。この現実を国際移動という文脈に落とし込んだ時、「難民」「移民」という言葉が当事者を決定していることが見えてくる。つまり、観察者の前に「難民」「移民」がいるのではなく、観察者と彼・彼女たちとの関係が「難民」「移民」を生み出すのである。本稿ではこの視点を活かしながら「難民」「移民」とセキュリタイゼーションの問題に焦点を当てる。

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It is asserted by many astrophysicists and philosophers that the Copernican Principle applied to the future of our civilization seems to give some prediction on remaining time.And, the anthropoic principle seems to explain the fine tuning of our universe.However, the use of the anthropic principle and the Copernican (mediocrity) principle , will conclude drastically different subjective probability for slightly different situation.That is, of course, related to the difficulty of the principle of no difference, namely the problem of reference ensemble.We will integrate the many world problems of anthropic principle, enigma of interpretation of probability, the harder problem of consciousness, transmigration view, many-universe in cosmology and many worlds in quantum mechanics.Then, we discuss the prior identification and the posteriorly acquired status, and also discuss the relation between subjective and objective probability.Additionally, we treat the quantum monad theory.1，序論 確率の謎に関係すると思われる多世界論あるいは可能 世界論が，一見縁遠いと思われる色々な分野にある．一つ は，量子力学の観測問題, 解釈問題のーつの解決である， Everette の多世界解釈 13, 14 ・ 33-38) である.第二には意識の 超難間または「わたくし」の問題 1-9 ・ 18 ・ 39-52)と呼ばれる 唯我論, 自我などに関する問題の説明に使われるもの．こ れは一人称の死生学,転生世界観,ゾンビ問題とも関係が 深い．この線では中込の量子モナド理論 54.55)もその視界 に入ってくる．そして第三には，宇宙のフアイン・チュー ニングに対するーつの理解法である人間原理 7-12 ・ 14 ・」 9), 更にその発展形としての地球文明に対する終末論法等に 現れる平凡の原理である.
Introduction As a prescription for ascribing a priori probability weightings to the eventuality of finding oneself in the position of particular conceivable observers, the anthropic principle was originally developed for application to problems of cosmology [1] and biology [2]. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a self-contained introductory account of the motivation and reasoning underlying the recent development [3] of a more refined version of the anthropic principle that is needed for the provision of a coherent interpretation of quantum theory. In order to describe ordinary laboratory applications, it is commonly convenient, and entirely adequate, to use a ‘Copenhagen’ type representation, in which a Hilbert state vector undergoes ‘collapse’ when an observation is made. However, from a broader perspective it is rather generally recognized that such a collapse cannot correspond to any actual physical process. A leading school of thought on this subject was founded by Everett [4], who maintained the principle of the physical reality of the Hilbert state, and deduced that — in view of the agreement that no physical collapse process occurs — none of the ensuing branch channels can be ‘more real than the rest’. This was despite the paradox posed by the necessity that they be characterized by different (my italics) ‘weightings’, the nature of which was never satisfactorily explained. This intellectual flaw in the Everett doctrine was commonly overlooked, not so much by its adherents, who were seriously concerned about it [5], as by its opponents, who were upset by its revolutionary ‘multi-universe’ implications.
量子形而上学と言語学との関連する部分についての研究である。言語を発せざるものとしての量子粒子はマクロの装置の発する言語によってのみわれわれに情報を与えてくれる。潜点は意識下の世界に存在していて, いまだ言語の形態をとっていなくて, われわれが意識することはない。言語を発するものとしてのマクロの実験装置は古典論的にふるまい古典論的にあつかえる。しかし,それらの構成要素の1つ1つはミクロの量子粒子であって量子力学で記述されるはずのものである。量子論では諸説あって, どれが真であるかの最終的な答に至っていない。永らく量子力学の主流であったコペンハーゲン流の解釈も影がうすくなりつつあるが, かくれた変数もベルの不等式の実験的否定により修正を余儀なくされている。マクロの物体もミクロの粒子からなることは潜点がやがて顕点となり言語体系を形成することから考えて, そんなに特殊なことではないことが示されている。|This article studies the related parts of the quantum philosophy and the linguistics. Unspeakable quantum particles give us the informations by the languages spoken by macroscopic apparatus. Implicit points exist in the subliminal world. We are not conscious of them. Speakable macroscopic apparatus behaves classically and we can treat them by the classical theory. But we have to see it as made of atoms, of electrons and nuclei. We have to apply to these entities the only quantum mechnics. There are many opinions in quantum theory. The Copenhagen interpretation has widely accepted, but now it is made light of interpretations. The hidden variables theory must be corrected because of experimental negations of Bell inequality. It is not so singular that macro body is made of micro particles, for the implicit points become the explicit points and form the system of one language.
We suggest to combine the Anthropic Principle with Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Theory. Realizing the multiplicity of worlds it provides an opportunity of explanation of some important events which are assumed to be extremely improbable. The Mesoscopic Anthropic Principle suggested here is aimed to explain appearance of such events which are necessary for emergence of Life and Mind. It is complementary to Cosmological Anthropic Principle explaining the fine tuning of fundamental constants. We briefly discuss various possible applications of Mesoscopic Anthropic Principle including the Solar Eclipses and assembling of complex molecules. Besides, we address the problem of Time's Arrow in the framework of Many-World Interpretation. We suggest the recipe for disentangling of quantities defined by fundamental physical laws and by an anthropic selection.
We suggest to combine the Anthropic Principle with the Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Theory.Realizing the multiplicity of worlds it provides an opportunity of explanation of some important events which are assumed to be extremely improbable.The Mesoscopic Anthropic Principle suggested here is aimed to explain appearance of such events which are necessary for emergence of Life and Mind.It is complementary to the Cosmological Anthropic Principle explaining the fine tuning of fundamental constants.We briefly discuss various possible applications of the Mesoscopic Anthropic Principle including the Solar Eclipses and assembling of complex molecules.Besides, we address the problem of Time's Arrow in the framework of the Many-Worlds Interpretation.We suggest the recipe for disentangling of quantities defined by fundamental physical laws and by an anthropic selection.The main emphasis is made on the problem of the biological evolution.
In order to describe my findings/conclusions systematically, a new semantic system (i.e., a new language) has to be intentionally defined by the present article. Humans are limited in what they know by the technical limitation of their cortical language network. The conventionally-called “physical/objective reality” around my conventionally-called “physical/objective body” is actually a geometric mathematical model (being generated/mathematically-modeled by my brain) – it's actually a subset/component/part/element of my brain’s mind/consciousness. A reality is a situation model (SM). Our universe is an autonomous objective parallel computing automaton (aka state machine) which evolves by itself automatically/unintentionally – wave-particle duality and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle can be explained under this SM of my brain. Each elementary particle (as a building block of our universe) is an autonomous mathematical entity itself (i.e., a thing in itself). Our universe has the same nature as a Game of Life system – both are autonomous objective parallel-computing automata. If we are happy to accept randomness, then it is obviously possible that all other worlds in the many-worlds interpretation do not exist objectively. The conventionally-called “space” does not exist objectively. “Time” and “matter” are not physical. Consciousness is the subjective-form (aka quale) of the mathematical models (of the objective universe) which are intracorporeally/subjectively used by the control logic of a Turing machine’s program directly-fatedly. A Turing machine’s consciousness or deliberate decisions/choices should not be able to actually/objectively change/control/drive the (autonomous or directly-fated) worldline of any elementary particle within this world. Besides the Schrodinger equation (or another mathematical equation/function which is yet to be discovered) which is a valid/correct/factual causality of our universe, every other causality (of our universe) is either invalid/incorrect/counterfactual or can be proved by deductive inference based on the Schrodinger equation (or the aforementioned yet-to-be-discovered mathematical equation/function) only. Consciousness plays no causal role (“epiphenomenalism”), or in other words, any cognitive/behavioural activity can in principle be carried out without consciousness (“conscious inessentialism”). If the “loop quantum gravity” theory is correct, then time/space does not actually/objectively exist in the objective-evolution of the objective universe, or in other words, we should not use the subjective/mental concept of “time”, “state” or “space” to describe/imagine the objective-evolution of our universe.
本論文は、量子論と仏教を通して得られる実在の視点から、国際移動を取り巻く「現実」という概念について分析する。そこではニュートン物理学が前提とするような強固で確立された世界ではなく、量子論・仏教が前提とするような常に変化し続ける世界を前提とする。この視点に立った時、アクターは本質を持たず常に様々な関係の中で形成されていく。そしてこの形成過程も必ずしも一直線ではなく、アクターのアイデンティティは蛇行・円環を繰り返しながら変化していく。つまり、ここでの実在とは変化そのものなのである。この現実を国際移動という文脈に落とし込んだ時、「難民」「移民」という言葉が当事者を決定していることが見えてくる。つまり、観察者の前に「難民」「移民」がいるのではなく、観察者と彼・彼女たちとの関係が「難民」「移民」を生み出すのである。本稿ではこの視点を活かしながら「難民」「移民」とセキュリタイゼーションの問題に焦点を当てる。