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Three-level atom interferometer with bichromatic laser fields

和仁 本多, Kazuhito Honda, 真也 柳町, Shinya Yanagimach, 篤郎 盛永, Atsuo Morinaga

Published Oct 1, 2003• 0 citations
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Abstract

We have developed a three-level atom interferometer using three-level atoms coupled with bichromatic fields in order to investigate the phase information between two excited states. First, we presented a theoretical description of the interaction of three-level atoms with bichromatic fields based on single-transition operators. Using the time evolution of a wave function, the equations of the interference fringes and the visibility were derived and calculated for several types of the three-level atom interferometers with bichromatic fields. Optimum excitation conditions were evaluated. Next, several types of three-level atom interferometers were demonstrated experimentally using a thermal calcium atomic beam with two Zeeman substates of m=1 and m=-1 in the long-lived excited state coupled with bichromatic resonant fields between the ground state and the excited states. The behaviors of the interference fringes were compared among them along with the calculated results. The three-level atom interferometer excited by two bichromatic laser beams separated in space was found to produce the largest visibility among them when the excitation power of each frequency component was the same.

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We have developed a three-level atom interferometer using three-level atoms coupled with bichromatic fields in order to investigate the phase information between two excited states. First, we presented a theoretical description of the interaction of three-level atoms with bichromatic fields based on single-transition operators. Using the time evolution of a wave function, the equations of the interference fringes and the visibility were derived and calculated for several types of the three-level atom interferometers with bichromatic fields. Optimum excitation conditions were evaluated. Next, several types of three-level atom interferometers were demonstrated experimentally using a thermal calcium atomic beam with two Zeeman substates of $m=1$ and $m=\ensuremath{-}1$ in the long-lived excited state coupled with bichromatic resonant fields between the ground state and the excited states. The behaviors of the interference fringes were compared among them along with the calculated results. The three-level atom interferometer excited by two bichromatic laser beams separated in space was found to produce the largest visibility among them when the excitation power of each frequency component was the same.

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We have developed a three-level atom interferometer using three-level atoms coupled with bichromatic fields in order to investigate the phase information between two excited states. First, we presented a theoretical description of the interaction of three-level atoms with bichromatic fields based on single-transition operators. Using the time evolution of a wave function, the equations of the interference fringes and the visibility were derived and calculated for several types of the three-level atom interferometers with bichromatic fields. Optimum excitation conditions were evaluated. Next, several types of three-level atom interferometers were demonstrated experimentally using a thermal calcium atomic beam with two Zeeman substates of m=1 and m=-1 in the long-lived excited state coupled with bichromatic resonant fields between the ground state and the excited states. The behaviors of the interference fringes were compared among them along with the calculated results. The three-level atom interferometer excited by two bichromatic laser beams separated in space was found to produce the largest visibility among them when the excitation power of each frequency component was the same.
We have developed a three-level atom interferometer using three-level atoms coupled with bichromatic fields in order to investigate the phase information between two excited states. First, we presented a theoretical description of the interaction of three-level atoms with bichromatic fields based on single-transition operators. Using the time evolution of a wave function, the equations of the interference fringes and the visibility were derived and calculated for several types of the three-level atom interferometers with bichromatic fields. Optimum excitation conditions were evaluated. Next, several types of three-level atom interferometers were demonstrated experimentally using a thermal calcium atomic beam with two Zeeman substates of m=1m=1m=1 and $m=\ensuremath{-}1$ in the long-lived excited state coupled with bichromatic resonant fields between the ground state and the excited states. The behaviors of the interference fringes were compared among them along with the calculated results. The three-level atom interferometer excited by two bichromatic laser beams separated in space was found to produce the largest visibility among them when the excitation power of each frequency component was the same.
A four-level atom interferometer comprised of three excited states and one ground state with trichromatic fields coupled between them is investigated using Zeeman sublevels of 3P1^{3}P_{1}3P1​ and 1S0^{1}S_{0}1S0​ states of a calcium atom. A theoretical description of the interaction of four-level atoms with trichromatic laser fields is presented and compared with the experimental results of the interference fringes which are generated by the three excited states.
We present an atom interferometer based on the interference of three partial matter waves in three different internal and external states. Coherent laser excitation acts as a beamsplitter to create a superposition state of the ground state and two Zeeman sublevels of the metastable state of magnesium atoms. The interference pattern of the output ports shows high contrast and the characteristics of three-beam interferences as known from optical interferometry. In comparison to two-beam interferometry a reduction of the fringe width of (32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8)% is observed. This offers various possibilities for improved measurements of quantum-mechanical phases due to the internal atomic-state sensitive coupling of external potentials. This is demonstrated for the interaction of magnesium atoms with an external magnetic field.
The recently proposed two-level atom bichromatic beam splitter has been shown theoretically to give exceptionally clean beam splitting in momentum space. In this paper, we investigate the first-order coherence property of this beam splitter, which is an important test of its usefulness in interferometric applications. We find that the beam splitter exhibits maximum fringe visibility of 0.3, which may be increased significantly through conditioning on certain variables. We then propose a type of atom interferometer based on this system, which has many desirable properties when compared with existing versions.
An atom interferometer comprised of four copropagating traveling laser beams has been developed using a thermal calcium atomic beam and the performance of the interference fringes was investigated experimentally. The interference fringes with a visibility of 0.2 were observed at an excitation power of 0.6 mW. The signal-to-noise ratio was about 100 at an integration time of 5 ms. The equations for the interference signal were derived from the evolution matrices of spinors and the visibility was calculated in consideration of the divergent thermal atomic beam. The experimental results were described well by the present calculation.