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Physical Review A

Interference fringes of the atom interferometer comprised of four copropagating traveling laser beams

Shinya Yanagimachi, Y. Omi, Atsuo Morinaga

Published May 1, 1998• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An atom interferometer comprised of four copropagating traveling laser beams has been developed using a thermal calcium atomic beam and the performance of the interference fringes was investigated experimentally. The interference fringes with a visibility of 0.2 were observed at an excitation power of 0.6 mW. The signal-to-noise ratio was about 100 at an integration time of 5 ms. The equations for the interference signal were derived from the evolution matrices of spinors and the visibility was calculated in consideration of the divergent thermal atomic beam. The experimental results were described well by the present calculation.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.57.3830

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An atom interferometer comprised of four copropagating traveling laser beams has been developed using a thermal calcium atomic beam and the performance of the interference fringes was investigated experimentally. The interference fringes with a visibility of 0.2 were observed at an excitation power of 0.6 mW. The signal-to-noise ratio was about 100 at an integration time of 5 ms. The equations for the interference signal were derived from the evolution matrices of spinors and the visibility was calculated in consideration of the divergent thermal atomic beam. The experimental results were described well by the present calculation.
Four laser beams traveling in the same direction that split and reflect a thermal calcium atomic beam compose an atomic interferometer like the Mach-Zehnder optical interferometer. The interference performance of the atomic interferometer was examined by changing the phase of the induced dipole moment in the atomic wave due to the laser beams, or the phase of atomic ``wavepacket'' in an atomic trajectory due to the ac Stark effect. An interference signal with a visibility of more than 15% was obtained. This interferometer will be useful in the detection of weak signals that require a long integration time, since it is less sensitive to the fluctuation of the laser frequency compared with the optical Ramsey atomic interferometer.
We observed the phase shift of the atomic wave function induced from the dc Stark effect using an atom interferometer comprised of four copropagating traveling laser beams. We calculated the interference signal for the interferometer in the case of a thermal atomic beam. By comparing the observed interference fringes with the calculated ones, the difference between the polarizabilities of the 3P1^{3}P_{1}3P1​ state and the 1S0^{1}S_{0}1S0​ state of calcium was obtained to be $\ensuremath{\alpha}(^{3}P_{1})\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}(^{1}S_{0})=(13.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.0)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ cm3{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}cm3. This value was consistent with that deduced from the Stark frequency shift.
We have developed a three-level atom interferometer using three-level atoms coupled with bichromatic fields in order to investigate the phase information between two excited states. First, we presented a theoretical description of the interaction of three-level atoms with bichromatic fields based on single-transition operators. Using the time evolution of a wave function, the equations of the interference fringes and the visibility were derived and calculated for several types of the three-level atom interferometers with bichromatic fields. Optimum excitation conditions were evaluated. Next, several types of three-level atom interferometers were demonstrated experimentally using a thermal calcium atomic beam with two Zeeman substates of m=1 and m=-1 in the long-lived excited state coupled with bichromatic resonant fields between the ground state and the excited states. The behaviors of the interference fringes were compared among them along with the calculated results. The three-level atom interferometer excited by two bichromatic laser beams separated in space was found to produce the largest visibility among them when the excitation power of each frequency component was the same.
We have developed a three-level atom interferometer using three-level atoms coupled with bichromatic fields in order to investigate the phase information between two excited states. First, we presented a theoretical description of the interaction of three-level atoms with bichromatic fields based on single-transition operators. Using the time evolution of a wave function, the equations of the interference fringes and the visibility were derived and calculated for several types of the three-level atom interferometers with bichromatic fields. Optimum excitation conditions were evaluated. Next, several types of three-level atom interferometers were demonstrated experimentally using a thermal calcium atomic beam with two Zeeman substates of m=1m=1m=1 and $m=\ensuremath{-}1$ in the long-lived excited state coupled with bichromatic resonant fields between the ground state and the excited states. The behaviors of the interference fringes were compared among them along with the calculated results. The three-level atom interferometer excited by two bichromatic laser beams separated in space was found to produce the largest visibility among them when the excitation power of each frequency component was the same.