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Physical Review A

High-finesse atomic multiple-beam interferometer comprised of copropagating stimulated Raman-pulse fields

T. Aoki, Kenji Shinohara, Atsuo Morinaga

Published May 16, 2001• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An atomic multiple-beam interferometer comprised of numerous copropagating stimulated Raman transitions has been developed using laser-cooled and trapped sodium atoms. The interference fringes of the interferometer with multiple rf fields were calculated by a method based on atomic trajectory and were compared with the experimental results. An interference fringe with a finesse of 180 was demonstrated for 200 successive Raman pulses.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.63.063611

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An atomic multiple-beam interferometer comprised of numerous copropagating stimulated Raman transitions has been developed using laser-cooled and trapped sodium atoms. The interference fringes of the interferometer with multiple rf fields were calculated by a method based on atomic trajectory and were compared with the experimental results. An interference fringe with a finesse of 180 was demonstrated for 200 successive Raman pulses.
An atom interferometer based on Doppler-insensitive Raman transition is proposed, which has sharply peaked interference fringes for multi-wave interference. We show that two sets of counter-propagating Doppler-insensitive Raman beam pairs can be used to construct a new type of multi-wave beam splitter, which can be used to construct an atom interferometer. Although the spacing between adjacent diffraction orders of the interferometer is small, they can be distinguished by the internal state of the atom. Our analysis shows that the width of the fringes of this atom interferometer is inversely proportional to the width (duration) of the beam splitter and the Rabi frequency of the Raman beams, that is, the interferometer can achieve high resolution at high light intensity and long pulse width.
We report on experiments of multiple-beam atom interferometry in the time domain. Laser-cooled and trapped atoms interact with atomic ``multiple beam splitters'' realized by time sequences of resonant laser pulses. The output signals of the interferometers show Fabry-Perot-like high-finesse interference structures. The number of interfering de Broglie waves is adjustable and in principle not limited in this scheme. We present the experimental realization of up to 160 interfering partial waves.
An atom interferometer comprised of four copropagating traveling laser beams has been developed using a thermal calcium atomic beam and the performance of the interference fringes was investigated experimentally. The interference fringes with a visibility of 0.2 were observed at an excitation power of 0.6 mW. The signal-to-noise ratio was about 100 at an integration time of 5 ms. The equations for the interference signal were derived from the evolution matrices of spinors and the visibility was calculated in consideration of the divergent thermal atomic beam. The experimental results were described well by the present calculation.
Cold-matter-wave Sagnac interferometers possess many advantages over their thermal atomic beam counterparts when they are used as precise inertial sensors. We report a realization of a Sagnac-type interferometer with cold atoms. Cold rubidium atoms are prepared in a magneto-optical trap and are pushed by resonant laser pulse to form slow atomic beam. In the interference region, atomic wave packets are coherently manipulated using π/2−π−π/2 Raman pulse sequences. Interference fringes with maximum contrast of 37% are observed experimentally.
The mechanical effects of stimulated Raman transitions on atoms have been used to demonstrate a matter-wave interferometer with laser-cooled sodium atoms. Interference has been observed for wave packets that have been separated by as much as 2.4 mm. Using the interferometer as an inertial sensor, the acceleration of a sodium atom due to gravity has been measured with a resolution of 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ after 1000 sec of integration time.