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Physical Review A

Atomic multiple-wave interferometer phase-shifted by the scalar Aharonov-Bohm effect

T. Aoki, Makoto Yasuhara, Atsuo Morinaga

Published May 15, 2003• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A time-domain atomic multiple-wave interferometer using laser-cooled and trapped sodium atoms has been developed under pulsed magnetic fields. Each atomic phase was shifted due to the scalar Aharonov-Bohm effect by applying spatially homogeneous pulsed magnetic fields between numerous Raman excitation laser pulses. Interference fringes with a finesse of 11 were demonstrated for 11 successive Raman pulses and ten magnetic-field pulses.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.67.053602

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A time-domain atomic multiple-wave interferometer using laser-cooled and trapped sodium atoms has been developed under pulsed magnetic fields. Each atomic phase was shifted due to the scalar Aharonov-Bohm effect by applying spatially homogeneous pulsed magnetic fields between numerous Raman excitation laser pulses. Interference fringes with a finesse of 11 were demonstrated for 11 successive Raman pulses and ten magnetic-field pulses.
The scalar Aharonov-Bohm effect with a time-dependent magnetic field was investigated for ultracold sodium atoms using the time-domain atom interferometer. The 38 interference fringes with almost the same amplitude verified the nondispersivity of this effect. The measured phase shift as a function of the strength of the applied magnetic field agreed with the predicted one within an accuracy of 3%. With a weak magnetic field orthogonal to the quantization axis, the phase shift was in proportion to the variation of the strength of the resultant magnetic field.
Summary form only given. The field of atom interferometry is experiencing rapid progress. Atom interferometers have been used to determine topological phase shifts such as the Aharonov-Bohm or Aharonov-Casher effects. Both two beam and more recently multiple beam atom interferometers have been realized. We report on an investigation of the electric (or scalar) Aharonov-Bohm effect in a multiple beam Ramsey experiment. The topological phase shift leads to collapse and revival of the fringe pattern. In a first interaction region cesium atoms are optically pumped into a dark coherent superposition of the magnetic quantum numbers m/sub F/=-4, -2, 0, 2 and 4 of the 6S/sub 1/2/ (F=4) ground state. The coherent superposition is probed after a time T in a second interaction region. When the atoms are irradiated in between the Ramsey interactions by an additional linearly polarized light field 400 MHz blue detuned to the F=4/spl rarr/F'=4 transition of the cesium D1 line, the induced AC Stark shift increases quadratically with the magnetic quantum number. The laser field coupling to the induced atomic dipole moment causes-in the absence of any classical forces-an electric Aharonov-Bohm phase shift.
In a Ramsey atom interferometer excited by two electromagnetic fields, if atoms are under a time-varying scalar potential during the interrogation time, the phase of the Ramsey fringes shifts owing to the scalar Aharonov–Bohm effect. The phase shift was precisely examined using a Ramsey atom interferometer with a two-photon Raman transition under the second-order Zeeman potential, and a formula for the phase shift was derived. Using the derived formula, the frequency shift due to the scalar Aharonov–Bohm effect in the frequency standards utilizing the Ramsey atom interferometer was discussed.
A phase shift for de Broglie waves due to the action of a scalar potential in an otherwise field-free (i.e., force-free) region of space is known as the scalar Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect. Unlike the more familiar AB effect due to the magnetic vector potential, the scalar effect has hitherto remained unverified due, presumably, to technical difficulties in electron interferometry. We have performed an analogous interferometric experiment with thermal neutrons subject to pulsed magnetic fields. The observations were carried out at the University of Missouri Research Reactor using a skew-symmetric perfect-silicon-crystal neutron interferometer. The expected phase shifts have been observed to a high degree of accuracy. A detailed description of the experiment and its interpretation is given in this paper.