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Physical Review A

Four-level atom interferometer with trichromatic laser fields

Kazuhito Honda, Yoshiyuki Kobayashi, Atsuo Morinaga

Published Feb 6, 2007• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A four-level atom interferometer comprised of three excited states and one ground state with trichromatic fields coupled between them is investigated using Zeeman sublevels of $^{3}P_{1}$ and $^{1}S_{0}$ states of a calcium atom. A theoretical description of the interaction of four-level atoms with trichromatic laser fields is presented and compared with the experimental results of the interference fringes which are generated by the three excited states.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.75.023607

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A four-level atom interferometer comprised of three excited states and one ground state with trichromatic fields coupled between them is investigated using Zeeman sublevels of 3P1^{3}P_{1}3P1​ and 1S0^{1}S_{0}1S0​ states of a calcium atom. A theoretical description of the interaction of four-level atoms with trichromatic laser fields is presented and compared with the experimental results of the interference fringes which are generated by the three excited states.
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We have developed a three-level atom interferometer using three-level atoms coupled with bichromatic fields in order to investigate the phase information between two excited states. First, we presented a theoretical description of the interaction of three-level atoms with bichromatic fields based on single-transition operators. Using the time evolution of a wave function, the equations of the interference fringes and the visibility were derived and calculated for several types of the three-level atom interferometers with bichromatic fields. Optimum excitation conditions were evaluated. Next, several types of three-level atom interferometers were demonstrated experimentally using a thermal calcium atomic beam with two Zeeman substates of m=1m=1m=1 and $m=\ensuremath{-}1$ in the long-lived excited state coupled with bichromatic resonant fields between the ground state and the excited states. The behaviors of the interference fringes were compared among them along with the calculated results. The three-level atom interferometer excited by two bichromatic laser beams separated in space was found to produce the largest visibility among them when the excitation power of each frequency component was the same.
We present an atom interferometer based on the interference of three partial matter waves in three different internal and external states. Coherent laser excitation acts as a beamsplitter to create a superposition state of the ground state and two Zeeman sublevels of the metastable state of magnesium atoms. The interference pattern of the output ports shows high contrast and the characteristics of three-beam interferences as known from optical interferometry. In comparison to two-beam interferometry a reduction of the fringe width of (32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8)% is observed. This offers various possibilities for improved measurements of quantum-mechanical phases due to the internal atomic-state sensitive coupling of external potentials. This is demonstrated for the interaction of magnesium atoms with an external magnetic field.
We analyze the behavior of a four-state, two-path atomic interferometer driven by shaped ultrafast laser pulses. The laser pulses interact with atomic rubidium, exciting the atoms to the 5D5D5D state via two intermediate resonances (the 5P1/25{P}_{1/2}5P1/2​ and 5P3/25{P}_{3/2}5P3/2​). The relative phase of the two paths can be modified by applying a varying spectral phase at the wavelength corresponding to one of the resonant transitions for each pathway. We trace out the behavior of the system from the simplest case of weak-field excitation with resonant fields to strong-field excitation with a broadband source. Our measurements and analysis reveal that while interference is observed for all field strengths and spectral widths, the character of the interference changes substantially.
We observed the phase shift of the atomic wave function induced from the dc Stark effect using an atom interferometer comprised of four copropagating traveling laser beams. We calculated the interference signal for the interferometer in the case of a thermal atomic beam. By comparing the observed interference fringes with the calculated ones, the difference between the polarizabilities of the 3P1^{3}P_{1}3P1​ state and the 1S0^{1}S_{0}1S0​ state of calcium was obtained to be $\ensuremath{\alpha}(^{3}P_{1})\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}(^{1}S_{0})=(13.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.0)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ cm3{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}cm3. This value was consistent with that deduced from the Stark frequency shift.