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Acta Physica Sinica

Fisher information and optimal measurement of Rabi spectrum in optical lattice atomic clocks

Ruo-Shui 弱水 Han 韩, Guixin Tang, Tao Wang

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

定度， 成为时间频率计量的革命性突破。 其分 数不确定度已突破 10 -18 量级 [1,2,3] ，并在近 期向着 8 × 10 -19 甚至更优的精度迈进 [4,5] ， 长期稳定性能更是达到前所未有的水平，不 仅重新定义了时间测量的精度边界，甚至能 捕捉到时空的细微变化。这种超凡性能使其 应用场景极为广泛： 在工程领域， 它除了继续 为下一代全球导航卫星系统(GNSS) [6] 提供 支撑外，随着光钟设备的小型化以及空间站 搭载实验的成功 [7,8] ， 正逐步成为高精度相对 论测地学的核心实体工具 [3,9] ； 在基础物理研 究中，它可作超高灵敏度的"探针" ，来检验

DOI
10.7498/aps.75.20251198

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定度， 成为时间频率计量的革命性突破。 其分 数不确定度已突破 10 -18 量级 [1,2,3] ，并在近 期向着 8 × 10 -19 甚至更优的精度迈进 [4,5] ， 长期稳定性能更是达到前所未有的水平，不 仅重新定义了时间测量的精度边界，甚至能 捕捉到时空的细微变化。这种超凡性能使其 应用场景极为广泛： 在工程领域， 它除了继续 为下一代全球导航卫星系统(GNSS) [6] 提供 支撑外，随着光钟设备的小型化以及空间站 搭载实验的成功 [7,8] ， 正逐步成为高精度相对 论测地学的核心实体工具 [3,9] ； 在基础物理研 究中，它可作超高灵敏度的"探针" ，来检验
Super-Bloch oscillations(SBOs) is giant Bloch oscillations (BOs) when applying both static and periodically driving force to free atoms in lattice at the condition that Bloch oscillations are close to integer times of driving frequencies. Rather than observe SBOs in real space, this paper presents a method to observe it using Rabi spectroscopy of Optical lattice clock(OLC). An effective model of OLC with atoms been added both static and time-periodical forces is derived. Based on that, we propose an experimental scheme and give the Rabi spectrum under lab achievable parameters. Utilizing the precision spectroscopy of OLC, force with a large range could be accurately measured by measuring the Period of SBOs. We also gave the best parameter condition of measuring gravity by calculating Fisher information. Our work paves the way to study other exotic dynamics behaviors in Floquet driving OLC.
参量的量机械波浪功能自然地由拿绝对平方导致参量的概率分布，并且我们能考虑它的古典 Fisherinformation。在另一方面，当密度操作员，和我们能谈论它的量菲希尔信息，它也导致可以被看的参量的等级一个设计。在量菲希尔信息的许多版本之中，有二突出的。第一，经由量定义 20 功能，被 Helstrom 在 1967 介绍并且是众所周知的。第二，经由密度操作员的方形的根定义，它在斜信息的起源由 Wigner 和 Yanasein 1963 和遗体介绍了相对不被注意。这研究被奉献给调查在古典菲希尔信息和量菲希尔信息 forwavefunctions 的这二个版本之间的关系。量菲希尔信息的二个版本由一个因素不同，这被显示出第 2a 他们统治古典菲希尔信息。量菲希尔信息的这二个版本的非巧合可以作为量不一致的表明被解释。我们进一步计算 Helstrom 量菲希尔信息和古典 Fisherinformation 之间的差别，并且证明它正是波浪功能的即时阶段变化。
We periodically modulate the lattice trapping potential of a 87 Sr optical clock to Floquet engineer the clock transition. In the context of atomic gases in lattices, Floquet engineering has been used to shape the dispersion and topology of Bloch quasi-energy bands. Differently from these previous works manipulating the external (spatial) quasi-energies, we target the internal atomic degrees of freedom. We shape Floquet spin quasi-energies and measure their resonance profiles with Rabi spectroscopy. We provide the spectroscopic sensitivity of each band by measuring the Fisher information and show that this is not depleted by the Floquet dynamical modulation. The demonstration that the internal degrees of freedom can be selectively engineered by manipulating the external degrees of freedom inaugurates a novel device with potential applications in metrology, sensing and quantum simulations.
基于里德堡原子的微波测量技术因具有宽频带、小尺寸探头、高灵敏度等优点而受到广泛关注，激光系统的自动稳频是提升原子微波测量系统自动化水平与响应速度的关键环节。然而，现有系统多依赖人工操作实现激光频率锁定，针对原子微波测量双波长激光自动稳频的研究尚不充分。本文提出一种基于光谱峰距离的峰识别算法，实现对饱和吸收光谱与电磁诱导透明光谱中目标峰的准确定位，并以此为频率基准直接驱动激光自动稳频闭环，从而完成探测光与耦合光频率的自动锁定。测量结果表明，探测光频率自动锁定耗时5.55秒，耦合光频率自动锁定耗时13.9秒；探测光频率秒级稳定度达10-10量级，32 s平均时间下阿伦偏差最小为1.1×10-10 ；耦合光频率秒级稳定度也在10-10量级，16 s平均时间下阿伦偏差最小为2.3×10-10。在测试周期内，自动锁定后的探测光与耦合光展现出良好的频率稳定性，其稳定度指标满足里德堡原子微波测量系统的典型工作需求，验证了所提基于光谱峰距离的峰识别算法的可靠性。
The optical Ramsey spectrum is experimentally realized in an 87Sr optical lattice clock, and the measured linewidth agrees well with theoretical expectation. The coherence time between the clock laser and the atoms, which indicates the maximum free evolution period of using Ramsey detection to measure the atom-laser phase information, is determined as 340(23) ms by measuring the fringe contrasts of the Ramsey spectrum as a function of the free evolution period. Furthermore, with the same clock duty cycle of about 0.1, the clock stability is measured by using the Ramsey and Rabi spectra, respectively. The experimental and theoretical results show approximately the same stability as the two detection methods, which indicates that Ramsey detection cannot obviously improve the clock stability until the clock duty cycle is large enough. Thus, it is of great significance to choose the detection method of a specific clock.