Sensors

Theoretical Analysis of Enhanced Microwave Measurement Using Structured Beams

Zheng Yin, Feng Gao, Tianyu Chen, Chenxu Wang, Xiao Lu, Aihong Yang, Yandong Peng

Published Mar 21, 2026• 0 citations

Abstract

A theoretical scheme for precise measurement of microwave (MW) electric fields is proposed using a structured control field in Rydberg atoms. We use a Bessel-Gauss (BG) beam to drive the excited-state transition, its spatial structure characteristics result in a narrow linewidth of probe transmission, which benefits MW electric field measurement. It is interesting that the spectral linewidth could be further narrowed by increasing the azimuthal index. The minimum detectability of the MW field is about one-tenth of the common electromagnetically induced transparency scheme, and the spectrum resolution could be improved by about 40 times from simulation. Moreover, the system has good robustness.

DOI: 10.3390/s26061966

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