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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Nonreciprocal entanglement via Barnett effect in a hybrid quadpartite system

Amjad Sohail, O. P. de Sá Neto, Rizwan Ahmed

Published Mar 20, 2026• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We present a theoretical scheme for nonreciprocal entanglement in a quadpartite system via the Barnett effect. Our quadpartite system is based on a microwave cavity, simultaneously coupled with phonon, an LC circuit, and magnon via radiation pressure, adjustable capacitance of the LC circuit, and Kittel magnetostatics, respectively. By changing the magnetic field’s direction, the Barnett effect produces a Barnett frequency shift that may be efficiently controlled to be either negative or positive. By controlling system parameters, we show that, by employing a bidirectional contrast ratio, multipartite entanglements can be non-reciprocally enhanced via the Barnett shift. In addition, Barnett’s shift also affects the robustness of these entanglements against the bath temperature. Such a system with a variety of control mechanisms might find a range of applications in quantum technologies, computation, and information processing.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/ae5562

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Abstract We present a theoretical scheme for nonreciprocal entanglement in a quadpartite system via the Barnett effect. Our quadpartite system is based on a microwave cavity, simultaneously coupled with phonon, an LC circuit, and magnon via radiation pressure, adjustable capacitance of the LC circuit, and Kittel magnetostatics, respectively. By changing the magnetic field’s direction, the Barnett effect produces a Barnett frequency shift that may be efficiently controlled to be either negative or positive. By controlling system parameters, we show that, by employing a bidirectional contrast ratio, multipartite entanglements can be non-reciprocally enhanced via the Barnett shift. In addition, Barnett’s shift also affects the robustness of these entanglements against the bath temperature. Such a system with a variety of control mechanisms might find a range of applications in quantum technologies, computation, and information processing.
We theoretically propose a scheme for achieving nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement among magnons, photons, and phonons utilizing the Barnett effect in a cavity magnomechanical (CMM) system where a rotating yttrium iron garnet sphere is placed in a microwave cavity. The Barnett effect induces a Barnett frequency shift that can be effectively controlled to be either positive or negative by adjusting the direction of the magnetic field. As a result, nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement can be achieved, exhibiting robustness against the bath temperature. Our work provides a very accessible way to manipulate photon-magnon-phonon quantum resources based on CMM devices with the Barnett effect.
ABSTRACT We propose a scheme for realizing nonreciprocal photon–phonon entanglement in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system, where the Barnett effect and the Sagnac effect are used. By changing the rotation direction of the cavity field and the direction of the bias magnetic field or the direction of rotation of the YIG sphere, we can induce an opposite Sagnac–Fizeau frequency shift on the cavity and a Barnett frequency shift of the magnon mode, which lead to nonreciprocity. Our results indicate that through selecting appropriate parameters, such as frequency detuning or magnomechanical coupling strength or bath temperature, the nonreciprocity of photon–phonon entanglements in this system can be correspondingly manipulated (such as switched off or on). And through combining the Barnett effect with the Sagnac effect, the entanglement nonreciprocity can be significantly enhanced. We find that nonreciprocal entanglement exhibits excellent tolerance to elevated bath temperature. Our paper provides a promising approach for engineering various nonreciprocal devices with the Barnett and the Sagnac effects.
We theoretically propose a scheme for generating nonreciprocal macroscopic bipartite and tripartite entanglement using the Barnett effect in cavity-magnon optomechanics. The system consists of an optomechanical cavity and a rotatable yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere. Our results indicate that under appropriate parameter conditions, both bipartite entanglement and genuine tripartite entanglement can be generated between the cavity mode, mechanical mode, and magnon mode. Moreover, when the YIG sphere rotates, adjusting the magnetic field direction can induce a positive or negative Barnett shift, which leads to the nonreciprocity of entanglement, where entanglement exists in one chosen magnetic field direction and disappears in the other. Meanwhile, the macroscopic tripartite entanglement in the system is robust against thermal noise. Our work provides a possible avenue for quantum information processing, quantum chiral device integration, and multi-node quantum networks construction.
Cavity optomechanics, a promising platform to investigate macroscopic quantum effects, has been widely used to study nonreciprocal entanglement with the Sagnac effect. Here, we propose an alternative way to realize nonreciprocal entanglement among magnons, photons, and phonons in a hybrid cavity-magnon optomechanics, where the magnon Kerr effect is used. We show that the Kerr effect gives rise to a magnon frequency shift and an additional two-magnon effect. Both of them can be tuned from positive to negative via tuning the magnetic field direction, leading to nonreciprocity. By tuning system parameters such as magnon frequency detuning or the coefficient of the two-magnon effect, bipartite and tripartite entanglements can be nonreciprocally enhanced. By further studying the defined bidirectional contrast ratio, we find that nonreciprocity in our system can be switched on and off, and can be engineered by the bath temperature. Our proposal not only provides a potential path to demonstrate nonreciprocal entanglement with the magnon Kerr effect, but also opens a direction to engineer and design diverse nonreciprocal devices in hybrid cavity-magnon optomechanics with nonlinear effects.
We propose a scheme for realizing nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement in a hybrid cavity optomagnonic system. The system consists of a tunable Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity and a microwave cavity, an yttrium iron garnet slab (YIG1) and a rotating yttrium iron garnet sphere (YIG2). The magnon modes in both YIG1 and YIG2 are strongly coupled to the microwave cavity mode, and the magnon mode in YIG1 also has a three-mode resonant interaction with the optical modes in the FP cavity. The Barnett effect causes a frequency shift of the magnon mode in YIG2. By reversing the external bias magnetic field of YIG2 to control the sign of the Barnett frequency shift, one can not only switch the entanglement partner of the optical mode between the magnon and microwave modes, but also achieve perfect on-off control of bipartite optical-microwave entanglement and tripartite optical-magnon-microwave entanglement. The study presents a flexible control scheme to realize nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement in quantum nodes that integrate diverse physical systems such as optics, magnons, and microwaves, and may have potential applications in entanglement-based quantum networks.
We consider a quadpartite hybrid system that incorporates a microwave cavity, a yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) magnetic sphere resonator, a mechanical resonator, and an LCLCLC electrical resonator. The entanglement and the quantum steering properties of this quadpartite system are thoroughly investigated by considering practical parameters. The microwave cavity mode is directly coupled to the magnon, mechanical, and electrical modes via Kittel magnetostatics, radiation pressure, and adjustable capacitance of the LCLCLC configuration, respectively. We demonstrate tripartite entanglement among different modes, including indirectly coupled modes (such as magnon entanglement with mechanical and LCLCLC electrical modes) for operating temperatures up to 2 K. Furthermore, we observe the presence of asymmetric one-way steering, revealing that the mechanical oscillator and the LCLCLC resonant modes can steer the indirectly coupled magnon mode (yet in one direction while steering is not possible in the backward direction). The integration of the four interacting modes provides a variety of controlling degrees of freedom and makes the proposed quadpartite system an attractive approach for a wide range of applications, including data processing and communication, sensing, and quantum technologies.