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Annalen der Physik

Nonreciprocal Photon–Phonon Entanglement in Cavity Magnomechanics via the Barnett Effect and the Sagnac Effect

Hao‐Wei Zhang, Jiaojiao Chen, Dong Wang, Liu Ye

Published Aug 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

ABSTRACT We propose a scheme for realizing nonreciprocal photon–phonon entanglement in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system, where the Barnett effect and the Sagnac effect are used. By changing the rotation direction of the cavity field and the direction of the bias magnetic field or the direction of rotation of the YIG sphere, we can induce an opposite Sagnac–Fizeau frequency shift on the cavity and a Barnett frequency shift of the magnon mode, which lead to nonreciprocity. Our results indicate that through selecting appropriate parameters, such as frequency detuning or magnomechanical coupling strength or bath temperature, the nonreciprocity of photon–phonon entanglements in this system can be correspondingly manipulated (such as switched off or on). And through combining the Barnett effect with the Sagnac effect, the entanglement nonreciprocity can be significantly enhanced. We find that nonreciprocal entanglement exhibits excellent tolerance to elevated bath temperature. Our paper provides a promising approach for engineering various nonreciprocal devices with the Barnett and the Sagnac effects.

DOI
10.1002/andp.70278

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cond-mat.otherCross-listedarXiv:2608.21795•Aug 25, 2026
ABSTRACT We propose a scheme for realizing nonreciprocal photon–phonon entanglement in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system, where the Barnett effect and the Sagnac effect are used. By changing the rotation direction of the cavity field and the direction of the bias magnetic field or the direction of rotation of the YIG sphere, we can induce an opposite Sagnac–Fizeau frequency shift on the cavity and a Barnett frequency shift of the magnon mode, which lead to nonreciprocity. Our results indicate that through selecting appropriate parameters, such as frequency detuning or magnomechanical coupling strength or bath temperature, the nonreciprocity of photon–phonon entanglements in this system can be correspondingly manipulated (such as switched off or on). And through combining the Barnett effect with the Sagnac effect, the entanglement nonreciprocity can be significantly enhanced. We find that nonreciprocal entanglement exhibits excellent tolerance to elevated bath temperature. Our paper provides a promising approach for engineering various nonreciprocal devices with the Barnett and the Sagnac effects.
We theoretically propose a scheme for achieving nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement among magnons, photons, and phonons utilizing the Barnett effect in a cavity magnomechanical (CMM) system where a rotating yttrium iron garnet sphere is placed in a microwave cavity. The Barnett effect induces a Barnett frequency shift that can be effectively controlled to be either positive or negative by adjusting the direction of the magnetic field. As a result, nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement can be achieved, exhibiting robustness against the bath temperature. Our work provides a very accessible way to manipulate photon-magnon-phonon quantum resources based on CMM devices with the Barnett effect.
Cavity magnomechanics has shown great potential in studying macroscopic quantum effects, especially for quantum entanglement, which is a key resource for quantum information science. Here we propose to realize magnon mediated nonreciprocal photon-phonon entanglement, which exhibits asymmetry when opposite magnetic or driving fields are respectively applied to the magnons with the Kerr effect or the photons with the Sagnac effect. We find that the mean magnon number can selectively exhibit nonreciprocal linear or nonlinear (bistable) behavior with the strength of the strong driving field on the cavity. Assisted by this driving field, the magnon-phonon coupling is greatly enhanced, leading to the nonreciprocal photon-phonon entanglement via the swapping interaction between the magnons and photons. This nonreciprocal entanglement can be significantly enhanced with the magnon Kerr and Sagnac effects. Given the available parameters, the nonreciprocal photon-phonon entanglement can be preserved at $\ensuremath{\approx}3$ K, showing remarkable resilience against the bath temperature. The result reveals that our paper holds promise in developing various nonreciprocal devices with both the magnon Kerr and Sagnac effects in cavity magnomechanics.
Cavity optomechanics, a promising platform to investigate macroscopic quantum effects, has been widely used to study nonreciprocal entanglement with the Sagnac effect. Here, we propose an alternative way to realize nonreciprocal entanglement among magnons, photons, and phonons in a hybrid cavity-magnon optomechanics, where the magnon Kerr effect is used. We show that the Kerr effect gives rise to a magnon frequency shift and an additional two-magnon effect. Both of them can be tuned from positive to negative via tuning the magnetic field direction, leading to nonreciprocity. By tuning system parameters such as magnon frequency detuning or the coefficient of the two-magnon effect, bipartite and tripartite entanglements can be nonreciprocally enhanced. By further studying the defined bidirectional contrast ratio, we find that nonreciprocity in our system can be switched on and off, and can be engineered by the bath temperature. Our proposal not only provides a potential path to demonstrate nonreciprocal entanglement with the magnon Kerr effect, but also opens a direction to engineer and design diverse nonreciprocal devices in hybrid cavity-magnon optomechanics with nonlinear effects.
We propose a scheme to create nonreciprocal entanglement in a spinning cavity magnomechanical system. The setup comprises a whispering gallery mode resonator with two counterpropagating modes, simultaneously coupled to yttrium iron garnet. By spinning the resonator, the counterpropagating modes undergo an opposite Fizeau drag caused by the optical Sagnac effect. We show that in a spinning resonator, the cavity-magnon-phonon modes get entangled along a chosen direction while remaining fully uncorrelated in the other. The degree of nonreciprocity is determined by the drive detuning and the spinning velocity of the resonator. Our work provides a different route to achieve chiral control of quantum entanglement involving magnon-photon-phonon modes.
We theoretically investigate the quantum coherence ans its nonreciprocity in a cavity magnomechanical (CMM) syetem, which consists of a rotating yittrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere and a microwave cavity. By adjusting the direction of the magnetic field, the frequency shift of a magnon mode can be tuned from positive to negative due to the Barnett effect. This effect leads to a significant difference in the system stability and is responsible for the nonreciprocal quantum coherence. We examine how the input power, magnomechanical and magnon-photon coupling rates, decay rates of both the cavity photon modes and the magnon modes influence the quantum coherence. Through careful tuning of system parameters, nearly perfect nonreciprocity can be achieved. Our results provide a controllable mechanism for direction-dependent quantum coherence, with potential applications in nonreciprocal quantum devices and information processing.
We propose a theoretical scheme for realizing a tunable nonreciprocal Goos-Hänchen shift (GHS) in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system. The setup consists of a rotating yttrium iron garnet sphere embedded in a microwave cavity, with magnetic-dipole and magnetostrictive interactions mediating magnon-photon and magnon-phonon couplings, respectively. Owing to the Barnett effect, the magnon frequency acquires a rotation-induced shift whose sign can be reversed by changing the direction of the bias magnetic field. We show that the output probe spectrum exhibits a Fano resonance, while the associated GHS responds asymmetrically to opposite field directions, providing a controllable mechanism for nonreciprocal beam shifts. The magnon-photon and magnon-phonon interactions are found to affect the GHS in opposite ways, while the cavity length offers an additional degree of tunability. These results provide a route toward magnetically reconfigurable microwave photonic devices and sensitive detection of Barnett-induced effective fields.