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Applied Physics B

Nonreciprocal optical-microwave entanglement induced by Barnett effect

MingCui Li, AiXi Chen

Published Oct 21, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme for realizing nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement in a hybrid cavity optomagnonic system. The system consists of a tunable Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity and a microwave cavity, an yttrium iron garnet slab (YIG1) and a rotating yttrium iron garnet sphere (YIG2). The magnon modes in both YIG1 and YIG2 are strongly coupled to the microwave cavity mode, and the magnon mode in YIG1 also has a three-mode resonant interaction with the optical modes in the FP cavity. The Barnett effect causes a frequency shift of the magnon mode in YIG2. By reversing the external bias magnetic field of YIG2 to control the sign of the Barnett frequency shift, one can not only switch the entanglement partner of the optical mode between the magnon and microwave modes, but also achieve perfect on-off control of bipartite optical-microwave entanglement and tripartite optical-magnon-microwave entanglement. The study presents a flexible control scheme to realize nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement in quantum nodes that integrate diverse physical systems such as optics, magnons, and microwaves, and may have potential applications in entanglement-based quantum networks.

DOI
10.1007/s00340-026-08726-w

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We propose a scheme for realizing nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement in a hybrid cavity optomagnonic system. The system consists of a tunable Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity and a microwave cavity, an yttrium iron garnet slab (YIG1) and a rotating yttrium iron garnet sphere (YIG2). The magnon modes in both YIG1 and YIG2 are strongly coupled to the microwave cavity mode, and the magnon mode in YIG1 also has a three-mode resonant interaction with the optical modes in the FP cavity. The Barnett effect causes a frequency shift of the magnon mode in YIG2. By reversing the external bias magnetic field of YIG2 to control the sign of the Barnett frequency shift, one can not only switch the entanglement partner of the optical mode between the magnon and microwave modes, but also achieve perfect on-off control of bipartite optical-microwave entanglement and tripartite optical-magnon-microwave entanglement. The study presents a flexible control scheme to realize nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement in quantum nodes that integrate diverse physical systems such as optics, magnons, and microwaves, and may have potential applications in entanglement-based quantum networks.
We theoretically propose a scheme for generating nonreciprocal macroscopic bipartite and tripartite entanglement using the Barnett effect in cavity-magnon optomechanics. The system consists of an optomechanical cavity and a rotatable yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere. Our results indicate that under appropriate parameter conditions, both bipartite entanglement and genuine tripartite entanglement can be generated between the cavity mode, mechanical mode, and magnon mode. Moreover, when the YIG sphere rotates, adjusting the magnetic field direction can induce a positive or negative Barnett shift, which leads to the nonreciprocity of entanglement, where entanglement exists in one chosen magnetic field direction and disappears in the other. Meanwhile, the macroscopic tripartite entanglement in the system is robust against thermal noise. Our work provides a possible avenue for quantum information processing, quantum chiral device integration, and multi-node quantum networks construction.
We theoretically propose a scheme for achieving nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement among magnons, photons, and phonons utilizing the Barnett effect in a cavity magnomechanical (CMM) system where a rotating yttrium iron garnet sphere is placed in a microwave cavity. The Barnett effect induces a Barnett frequency shift that can be effectively controlled to be either positive or negative by adjusting the direction of the magnetic field. As a result, nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement can be achieved, exhibiting robustness against the bath temperature. Our work provides a very accessible way to manipulate photon-magnon-phonon quantum resources based on CMM devices with the Barnett effect.
We present a utilization of the magnon Kerr effect to generate nonreciprocal genuine microwave entanglement in a hybrid system consisting of a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere and three microwave cavities. Based on the quantum Langevin theory and linearization method under the condition of strong magnon driving, the system dynamics and covariance evolution are deduced and then applied to determinate the quantum correlations. It is found that three microwave cavities entangle with each other at the steady state. The basic root is that the Kerr nonlinearity can not only induce the enhanced parametric amplification of magnon but also cause the magnon frequency shift. Naturally, when the direction of the externally applied bias magnetic field is changed, switching of the magnon Kerr coefficient from positive to negative occurs and nonreciprocal tripartite entanglement among three microwave photons can be achieved. This may provide a fundamental resource for practical applications in quantum information processing and quantum networks.
We propose a theoretical scheme for realizing a tunable nonreciprocal Goos-Hänchen shift (GHS) in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system. The setup consists of a rotating yttrium iron garnet sphere embedded in a microwave cavity, with magnetic-dipole and magnetostrictive interactions mediating magnon-photon and magnon-phonon couplings, respectively. Owing to the Barnett effect, the magnon frequency acquires a rotation-induced shift whose sign can be reversed by changing the direction of the bias magnetic field. We show that the output probe spectrum exhibits a Fano resonance, while the associated GHS responds asymmetrically to opposite field directions, providing a controllable mechanism for nonreciprocal beam shifts. The magnon-photon and magnon-phonon interactions are found to affect the GHS in opposite ways, while the cavity length offers an additional degree of tunability. These results provide a route toward magnetically reconfigurable microwave photonic devices and sensitive detection of Barnett-induced effective fields.
We propose a theoretical scheme for the generation of nonreciprocal multipartite entanglement in a two-mode cavity magnomechanical system, consisting of two cross-microwave (MW) cavities having a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere, which is coupled through magnetic dipole interaction. Our results show that the self-Kerr effect of magnon can significantly enhance multipartite entanglement, which turns out to be nonreciprocal when the magnetic field is tuned along the crystallographic axis [110]. This is due to the frequency shift on the magnons (YIG sphere), which depends on the direction of the magnetic field. Interestingly, the degree of nonreciprocity of bipartite entanglements depends upon a careful optimal choice of system parameters like normalized cavity detunings, bipartite nonlinear index, self-Kerr coefficient, and effective magnomechanical coupling rate G. In addition to bipartite entanglement, we also present the idea of a bidirectional contrast ratio, which quantifies the nonreciprocity in tripartite entanglements. Our present theoretical proposal for nonreciprocity in multipartite entanglement may find applications in diverse engineering nonreciprocal devices
Cavity optomagnonic platforms offer a promising route for exploring quantum phenomena, particularly quantum correlations, which are vital resources for modern quantum technologies. Here, we propose a theoretical scheme for achieving nonreciprocal quantum correlations such as entanglement, and quantum discord via Barnett effect in a molecular-optomagnonical system, where a yttrium iron garnet sphere is placed in a microwave cavity that is hosting molecules. We show optimal parameter regimes for achieving nonreciprocal quantum correlations through Barnett effect. The generated entanglements are robust against thermal fluctuations, persisting even at high temperatures. Our scheme suggests a new tool for engineering noise-tolerant quantum correlations, and paves a way toward realizing novel nonreciprocal quantum devices by integrating magnons with molecular ensembles.