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International Journal of Science and Research Archive

A Hybrid Quantum Machine Learning Framework for Medical Data Analysis and Disease Diagnosis

Hemalatha Natte, Dolapriya Kasilinka, Suresh Mylapalli, Anil Veerendra Kotipalli, Seelam Nagendra

Published Mar 8, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The healthcare systems produce a tremendous volume of medical data which may be in the form of patient records, laboratory test results and diagnostic reports. It is quite necessary to analyze such data accurately and efficiently in order to detect diseases early and plan appropriate treatment . Conventional machine learning methods have a tendency to struggling with large-dimensional and complicated medical data. To address these shortcomings, this project suggests a hybrid Quantum Machine Learning (QML) scheme of analyzing medical data and diagnosing a disease. The suggested system combines the classical data preprocessing with the quantum-enhanced data learning algorithms including Variational Quantum Circuits (VQC) and Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVM). Medical data is first processed by cleaning, normalizing and encoding to quantum states. Complex patterns and correlations that traditional algorithms can hardly be able to learn are then learned with the quantum model. The measures used to judge the performance are accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score. The results of the experimental process show that the model based on QML yields better diagnostic accuracy than the conventional machine learning. This is where there is great potential in real time medical decision support systems, with the future prediction of disease and the personalized solution of care. The suggested framework indicates the potential and benefits of switching to quantum computing methods in healthcare analytics.

DOI
10.30574/ijsra.2026.18.3.0429

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The healthcare systems produce a tremendous volume of medical data which may be in the form of patient records, laboratory test results and diagnostic reports. It is quite necessary to analyze such data accurately and efficiently in order to detect diseases early and plan appropriate treatment . Conventional machine learning methods have a tendency to struggling with large-dimensional and complicated medical data. To address these shortcomings, this project suggests a hybrid Quantum Machine Learning (QML) scheme of analyzing medical data and diagnosing a disease. The suggested system combines the classical data preprocessing with the quantum-enhanced data learning algorithms including Variational Quantum Circuits (VQC) and Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVM). Medical data is first processed by cleaning, normalizing and encoding to quantum states. Complex patterns and correlations that traditional algorithms can hardly be able to learn are then learned with the quantum model. The measures used to judge the performance are accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score. The results of the experimental process show that the model based on QML yields better diagnostic accuracy than the conventional machine learning. This is where there is great potential in real time medical decision support systems, with the future prediction of disease and the personalized solution of care. The suggested framework indicates the potential and benefits of switching to quantum computing methods in healthcare analytics.
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Quantum Machine Learning (QML) is fast becoming a powerful instrument in medical diagnostics because it can process high-dimensional data and small samples efficiently. This paper is a detailed analysis of QML models used for disease prediction, with a relative comparison of Variational Quantum Classifiers (VQC), Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks (QCNN), and Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVM) in clinical environments. We suggest a new multimodal quantumclassical hybrid approach that analyzes electronic health records (EHR), medical imaging, and biosignal data by means of dedicated QML pipelines with late fusion for ultimate decisionmaking. Recent IEEE literature is integrated in experimental performance glimpses to demonstrate the merits, difficulties, and viability of QML in real-world healthcare applications. The envisioned architecture provides the foundation for future applications of quantum-enhanced diagnostics with existing quantum simulators as well as emerging hardware.
Purpose This study investigates the integration of quantum-enhanced machine learning (QML) into medical image analysis, focusing on classification and feature extraction tasks. It aims to evaluate whether hybrid quantum-classical models can overcome the limitations of traditional machine learning in handling high-dimensional, clinically relevant imaging data. Design/methodology/approach Hybrid architectures combining classical preprocessing with quantum components, specifically variational quantum circuits (VQCs) and quantum kernel methods, were developed and implemented in simulated quantum environments using Qiskit and PennyLane on Google Colab. Publicly available datasets (ChestX-ray14, Brain Tumor MRI and CT Hemorrhage) were preprocessed and encoded into quantum states. Model performance was evaluated against classical baselines (MLP and CNN) using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, convergence speed and trainable parameters. Findings Quantum-enhanced models achieved competitive or superior performance compared to classical models with significantly fewer trainable parameters and faster convergence. The Quantum Kernel SVM demonstrated the highest precision (89.1%) and F1-score (88.5%) using only 8 parameters, while VQC models converged up to 2× faster than classical baselines. These results highlight the potential of QML to improve efficiency, robustness and scalability in diagnostic imaging workflows, particularly in resource-constrained or data-limited settings. Research limitations/implications The study relies on simulated quantum environments, which do not capture hardware noise or qubit limitations. Future work will extend to real quantum devices, multimodal data integration and interpretability strategies. Practical implications Quantum kernel methods and lightweight VQC architectures enable faster, resource-efficient diagnostic modeling, making them suitable for clinical environments with limited computational capacity or time-sensitive decision-making needs. Social implications Improving the efficiency and accessibility of medical image analysis has the potential to support faster diagnosis and enhance healthcare delivery, particularly in underserved or resource-limited regions. Originality/value This study provides a practical evaluation of hybrid quantum-classical models applied to multiple real medical imaging datasets in a reproducible simulated environment. It offers an early-stage framework demonstrating how QML techniques can be integrated into existing machine learning pipelines for medical image analysis.
Heart disease is one of the major global causes of death, requiring early and precise detection for efficient treatment.With advancements in quantum computing, Variational Quantum Circuits (VQCs) have gained recognition as a valuable technique for improving learning models in medical diagnosis.This study further explores the application of VQC-based models for heart disease prediction, leveraging quantum computing to enhance classification accuracy.A hybrid quantum-classical model has been developed, which combines classical preprocessing for feature extraction from patient datasets with a VQC-based classifier for medical predictions.The quantum circuit using variational parameters is optimized to reduce the loss function and facilitate effective learning from complex medical data.This proposed approach is tested on benchmark heart disease datasets and evaluated against classical Machine Learning (ML) models, including Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Random Forests, and Neural Networks.The experimental results show that VQC-based models achieve high accuracy and outperform classical models, notably on high-dimensional, non-linearly separable data.The quantum advantage of VQCs lies in their ability to encode and process data in a huge Hilbert space.However, challenges such as noise in near-term quantum devices and scalability issues remain key.This research underscores the efficacy of VQCbased quantum machine learning in medical diagnosis, paving the way for future studies on quantum-enhanced healthcare solutions.Further advancements in quantum hardware and hybrid learning techniques could allow quantum-assisted heart disease prediction to become an effective clinical tool.
The growing digitalization of medical diagnostics has resulted in massive amounts of complicated data, including medical imaging and genomic sequences, clinical writing and real-time patient monitoring. Classical machine learning (CML) has achieved amazing success in evaluating such data. But its computational restrictions hinder scalability and efficiency when dealing with high-dimensional biomedical problems. Quantum machine learning (QML) combines the principles of quantum computing (QC) with advanced learning algorithms to offer a transformative paradigm for digital healthcare. This paper provides a systematic overview of QML foundations including quantum data encoding (QDC), variational quantum circuits (VQC), kernel methods, and hybrid quantum classical models. This paper also focuses on their applications in medical imaging, genomics, natural language processing (NLP) for electronic health records, drug discovery and healthcare security. We present comparative insights between classical and quantum approaches such as slow processing of high-dimensional data, limited scalability and inefficiency in complex optimization problems. This review also emphasizes the emerging directions towards quantum-based personalized digital healthcare approaches. By combining medical science with quantum QML has the potential to revolutionize the future of precision diagnostics, treatment optimization and healthcare data security. This study also provides a valuable resource for those interested in quantum computing and researchers who want to stay updated on the fast-growing area.