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Acta Physica Sinica

Experimental study of localization in a one-dimensional interacting tilted momentum lattice

GE Sheng, WANG Yunfei, Li Yuqing, Wu Jizhou, Liu Wenliang, Li Peng, Fu Yongming, Liantuan Xiao, Jie Ma, Jia Suo-Tang

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

原子间相互作用的调控在超冷原子多体物理的量子模拟研究中起着关键性作用，目前已经成为很多物理现象的重要诱导机制。本工作基于超冷铯原子动量晶格实验装置，研究了一维倾斜动量晶格中原子相互作用对Stark局域化的影响。实验首先在无相互作用条件下通过设置拉曼激光失谐量控制一维动量晶格链发生倾斜，利用时间飞行法测量原子的动力学演化行为，观测到一维链的Stark局域化现象，并引入动量分布宽度d量化该过程。然后利用Feshbach共振技术精密调控铯原子相互作用强度U，研究原子间排斥相互作用对局域化动力学的影响。实验数据显示，系统局域化临界点F_c随U增大呈线性下降趋势，当U/J=0时，F_c=2.85，当相互作用增强至U/J=2.9时，F_c=1.48。研究结果表明，在动量空间中原子间排斥相互作用可加快Stark局域化进程，该实验结果为研究长程相互作用系统的多体局域化动力学机制提供了新的实验依据。

DOI
10.7498/aps.75.20251383

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原子间相互作用的调控在超冷原子多体物理的量子模拟研究中起着关键性作用，目前已经成为很多物理现象的重要诱导机制。本工作基于超冷铯原子动量晶格实验装置，研究了一维倾斜动量晶格中原子相互作用对Stark局域化的影响。实验首先在无相互作用条件下通过设置拉曼激光失谐量控制一维动量晶格链发生倾斜，利用时间飞行法测量原子的动力学演化行为，观测到一维链的Stark局域化现象，并引入动量分布宽度d量化该过程。然后利用Feshbach共振技术精密调控铯原子相互作用强度U，研究原子间排斥相互作用对局域化动力学的影响。实验数据显示，系统局域化临界点F_c随U增大呈线性下降趋势，当U/J=0时，F_c=2.85，当相互作用增强至U/J=2.9时，F_c=1.48。研究结果表明，在动量空间中原子间排斥相互作用可加快Stark局域化进程，该实验结果为研究长程相互作用系统的多体局域化动力学机制提供了新的实验依据。
The dynamics of a (quasi-) one-dimensional interacting atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in a tilted optical lattice is studied in a discrete mean-field approximation, i.e., in terms of the discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. If the static field is varied, the system shows a plethora of dynamical phenomena. In the strong field limit, we demonstrate the existence of (almost) nonspreading states which remain localized on the lattice region populated initially and show coherent Bloch oscillations with fractional revivals in the momentum space (so-called quantum carpets). With decreasing field, the dynamics becomes irregular, however, still confined in configuration space. For even weaker fields, we find subdiffusive dynamics with a wave-packet width growing as t1/4{t}^{1/4}t1/4.
自俘获是指波（如光波或物质波）在系统非线性作用下，克服其固有的扩散趋势，从而在极小空间尺度内传播的现象，它是理解孤子形成、局域化行为等非线性物理过程的关键。动量晶格作为一种基于超冷原子分立动量态的合成维度，在拓扑物理、局域化等方向研究表现出巨大潜力，为研究自俘获效应提供了重要的实验平台。在动量晶格中，系统的非线性来源于原子间的相互作用，这会显著影响原子在动量晶格中的动力学演化特性，诱导产生宏观自俘获的现象，然而目前基于动量晶格的自俘获现象仍处于探索阶段。本研究基于超冷铯原子动量晶格，利用Feshbach共振技术调节原子s波散射长度，测量了不同相互作用强度下系统的动力学演化行为，随着原子间相互作用的增强，原子由零动量态向高动量态的扩散行为明显受到抑制，在强相互作用区间表现出宏观自俘获现象。研究过程选择动量分布宽度d来量化分析原子的动力学特征。实验结果为基于动量晶格实现量子多体物理的研究提供了重要参考。
We present a technique to diagnose the condensate fraction in a one-dimensional optical lattice of weakly interacting bosons based on the dynamics of the trapped atoms under the influence of a momentum kick. It is shown using the multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method for bosons that the two extreme cases of the superfluid and Mott insulator states exhibit different behaviors when the lattice is briefly tilted. The current induced by the momentum boost caused by the tilt which depends directly on the amount of phase coherence between the lattice sites is linearly proportional to the condensate fraction. The atom-atom interactions only change the slope of the linear relationship. We discuss the applications of this scheme in magnetic field gradiometery.
We propose a simple scheme for mimicking the physics of one-dimensional anyons in an optical-lattice experiment. It relies on a bosonic representation of the anyonic Hubbard model to be realized via lattice-shaking-induced resonant tunneling against potential offsets, which are created by a combination of a lattice tilt and strong on-site interactions. No lasers additional to those used for the creation of the optical lattice are required. We also discuss experimental signatures of the continuous interpolation between bosons and fermions when the statistical angle θ is varied from 0 to π. Whereas the real-space density of the bosonic atoms corresponds directly to that of the simulated anyonic model, this is not the case for the momentum distribution. Therefore, we propose to use Friedel oscillations in the density as a probe for continuous fermionization of the bosonic atoms.