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Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version)

Tunable low-threshold superconducting bistable memory switch

Yuanyu WANG, Yaqiang Chai, OUYANG Penghui, Lianfu Wei

Published Feb 27, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

为解决传统双稳态开关在低功耗、高灵敏度和可编程性等方面所遇到的经典物理限制瓶颈, 本文利用欠阻尼约瑟夫森结系统中特有的宏观量子效应, 研制了一种基于直流超导量子干涉器件 (direct currentsuperconducting quantum interference device, DC-SQUID) 构型的、具有可调极低阈值的超导双稳态记忆开关. 两个双稳、非易失性记忆的超导宏观量子态 (分别对应于器件的 “开”、“关” 状态) 之间的切换, 可通过外部磁通连续调节其极低的阈值电流来实现. 采用斜角度电子束蒸发镀膜和激光直写光刻技术, 我们制备了基于 Al/AlOx/Al 结的欠阻尼 DC-SQUID 器件. 在 50mK 极低温条件下, 实验验证了其 I-V 曲线的回滞特性, 并展示了其完整的打开-记忆-复位的双稳态开关功能及其低阈值可调性. 经过重复 10,000 次双稳宏观量子态的开、关跳变测试发现, 在最优阈值处开关触发的平均错误率仅为 6.08 %, 其打开-记忆-复位功能具有高稳定性和可重复性.本文所研制的可调低阈值超导双稳态开关器件, 有望在可编程量子信息存储和超导量子计算等低功耗领域的研究发挥重要作用.

DOI
10.1360/csb-2025-5902

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为解决传统双稳态开关在低功耗、高灵敏度和可编程性等方面所遇到的经典物理限制瓶颈, 本文利用欠阻尼约瑟夫森结系统中特有的宏观量子效应, 研制了一种基于直流超导量子干涉器件 (direct currentsuperconducting quantum interference device, DC-SQUID) 构型的、具有可调极低阈值的超导双稳态记忆开关. 两个双稳、非易失性记忆的超导宏观量子态 (分别对应于器件的 “开”、“关” 状态) 之间的切换, 可通过外部磁通连续调节其极低的阈值电流来实现. 采用斜角度电子束蒸发镀膜和激光直写光刻技术, 我们制备了基于 Al/AlOx/Al 结的欠阻尼 DC-SQUID 器件. 在 50mK 极低温条件下, 实验验证了其 I-V 曲线的回滞特性, 并展示了其完整的打开-记忆-复位的双稳态开关功能及其低阈值可调性. 经过重复 10,000 次双稳宏观量子态的开、关跳变测试发现, 在最优阈值处开关触发的平均错误率仅为 6.08 %, 其打开-记忆-复位功能具有高稳定性和可重复性.本文所研制的可调低阈值超导双稳态开关器件, 有望在可编程量子信息存储和超导量子计算等低功耗领域的研究发挥重要作用.
超导约瑟夫森结是超导量子比特的核心元件,由约瑟夫森结组成的直流超导量子干涉器（DC-SQUID）由于其具有较高的探磁灵敏度,在超导磁通量子比特量子位测量中具有重要的作用.我们用铝为超导材料,采用电子束斜蒸发及静态氧化的方法制备了由两个Al/Al2O3/Al隧道结并联组成的DC-SQUID样品.将DC-SQUID样品置于20-1000mK范围内的不同温度下,对其跳变电流分布进行了测量.在50mK明显观测到了隧道结跳变电流机制由宏观量子隧穿到热激发的转变,并且在高于80mK时,观测到了相位扩散的现象.这对于隧道结相位动力学研究具有重要意义.
Superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) are highly sensitive detectors, can detect electromagnetic wave radiations from millimeter/submillimeter, optical to x/γ rays, suitable for astrophysics, quantum information, and biosensing. Direct current superconducting quantum interference devices (DC SQUIDs) are the detector of choice for TES readout, thanks to their low noise, low impedance, and low power dissipation. In this work, we designed the DC SQUID with a second-order gradient structure, which can effectively mitigate the effect of external magnetic flux. We optimized the fabrication process and successfully fabricated the high-performance DC SQUID with Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb Josephson junctions (critical current density: JC~1μA/μm2). The properties of the fabricated DC SQUID were in good agreement with the simulation results. Meanwhile, the measured flux noise was 6 μΦ0/√Hz, corresponding to a current noise of 100 pA/√Hz. Furthermore, we demonstrated the capability of the DC SQUID to read out the TES detector, including I-V curves, photon pulse response, and noise performance.
近年来超导量子计算的研究方兴未艾，随着谷歌宣布首次实现“量子优势”和对时间晶体的观察，超导量子计算的研究受到了人们进一步的广泛关注。超导量子比特是具有量子化能级、量子态叠加和量子态纠缠等典型量子特性的宏观器件，通过电磁脉冲信号控制磁通量、电荷或具有非线性电感和无能量耗散的约瑟夫森结上的位相差，可对量子态进行精确调控，从而实现量子计算和量子信息处理。超导量子比特有着诸多方面的优势，很有希望成为普适量子计算的核心组成部分。以铌或其它硬金属（如钽等）为首层大面积材料制备的超导量子比特及辅助器件（本文简称铌基器件）拥有其独特的优点以及进一步发展的空间，目前已引起人们越来越多的兴趣。本文将介绍常见的多种超导量子比特的基本构成和工作原理，进而按照器件加工的一般顺序，从基片选择和预处理、薄膜生长、图形转移、刻蚀和约瑟夫森结的制备等方面详细介绍铌基超导量子比特及其辅助器件的多种制备工艺，为超导量子比特的制备提供一个可借鉴的清晰的工艺过程。最后，我们将介绍若干制备铌基超导量子比特与辅助器件的具体例子，并对器件制备的工艺与方法的优化做一展望。
Monolithic integration of control electronics with superconducting qubits will facilitate scalability of a superconducting quantum computer by reducing the room temperature electronics necessary for performing quantum state manipulation. We report the experimental results of the monolithic integration of an on-chip radiation source with a persistent-current (PC) qubit and dc SQUID measurement device. The devices were fabricated at MIT Lincoln Laboratory in a Nb/Al/AlOx/Nb trilayer process. The two PC qubit states were detected by measuring the switching current of an underdamped dc SQUID magnetometer inductively coupled to the qubit. The radiation source comprised an overdamped dc SQUID operating in the voltage state and inductively coupled to the qubit and measurement SQUID through a low-Q RLC filter. The oscillator was designed to have tunable amplitude and frequency to satisfy the requirements for coherent quantum manipulation of a superconducting PC qubit. We will discuss the measurements in the millikelvin regime and the effects of the oscillator noise on the state of the qubit.
تتطلب شبكات الاتصالات الكمومية واجهات فعّالة بين الدوائر فائقة التوصيل العاملة في نطاق الموجات الميكروية والألياف الضوئية، مما يُسهّل نقل الإشارة الضوئية لمسافات طويلة. تقترح هذه الورقة البحثية مخططًا جديدًا لتحقيق رنينات ضوئية-كهرومغناطيسية هجينة باستخدام رنانات نانوميكانيكية ومحولات كهروضوئية لسد الفجوة الترددية بين ترددات الموجات الميكروية والبصرية. نطرح نظرية للتحويل المتماسك للإشارات الكمومية، لتحقيق دقة عالية وخسارة منخفضة. يجمع النظام المقترح في هذه الورقة بين استخدام كيوبتات فائقة التوصيل والألياف الضوئية، استنادًا إلى التطورات الحديثة في تحويل الموجات الميكروية-البصرية. تُظهر نتائج المحاكاة أنه في ظل الظروف المثالية، يُمكن تحقيق كفاءة تحويل تصل إلى 85%، مما يؤدي إلى شبكات كمومية قابلة للتوسع. يناقش هذا العمل القضايا المهمة في الاتصالات الكمومية، مثل فقدان الإشارات وتدهورها، ويعرض التطبيقات العملية لشبكات الكم الإقليمية.