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Laser & Photonics Review

512‐Fold Rotational Super‐Resolution via Four‐Photon High‐Dimensional Structured Light (Laser Photonics Rev. 20(4)/2026)

Guy Tshuva, Ofir Yesharim, H. S. Eisenberg, Ady Arie

Published Feb 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Wavefront Photonic Gears The cover feature shows an artistic illustration of a four-photon quantum rotation sensor, in which high-dimensional structured entangled photons traverse a pair of spiral phase plates that convert tiny mechanical rotations into a phase shift, enabling rotation sensing with 512-fold improvement in resolution. See Research Article e02079 by Ady Arie and co-workers for more details.

DOI
10.1002/lpor.70935

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Wavefront Photonic Gears The cover feature shows an artistic illustration of a four-photon quantum rotation sensor, in which high-dimensional structured entangled photons traverse a pair of spiral phase plates that convert tiny mechanical rotations into a phase shift, enabling rotation sensing with 512-fold improvement in resolution. See Research Article e02079 by Ady Arie and co-workers for more details.
Quantum metrology leverages quantum correlations for enhanced parameter estimation. Recently, structured light enabled increased resolution and sensitivity in quantum metrology systems. However, lossy and complex setups impacting photon flux hinder true quantum advantage while using high dimensional structured light. We introduce a straightforward mechanical rotation quantum sensing mechanism, employing high-dimensional structured light and use it with a high-flux (45 000 coincidence counts per second) N00N state source with N = 2. The system utilizes two opposite spiral phase plates with topological charge of up to ℓ = 16 that converts mechanical rotation into wavefront phase shifts and exhibit a 16-fold enhanced super-resolution and 25-fold enhanced sensitivity between different topological charges, while retaining the acquisition times, and with negligible change in coincidence count. Furthermore, the high efficiency together with the high photon flux enables detection of mechanical angular acceleration in real-time. Our approach paves the way for highly sensitive quantum measurements, applicable to various interferometric schemes.
Quantum metrology leverages quantum correlations for enhanced parameter estimation. Recently, structured light enabled increased resolution and sensitivity in quantum metrology systems. However, lossy and complex setups impacting photon flux, hinder true quantum advantage while using high dimensional structured light. We introduce a straightforward mechanical rotation quantum sensing mechanism, employing high-dimensional structured light and a compact high-flux (45,000 coincidence counts per second) N00N state source with N=2. The system utilizes two opposite spiral phase plates with topological charge of up to l=16 that convert mechanical rotation into wavefront phase shifts, and exhibit a 16-fold enhanced super-resolution and 25-fold enhanced sensitivity between different topological charges, while retaining the acquisition times and with negligible change in coincidence count. Furthermore, the high photon flux enables to detect mechanical angular acceleration in real-time. Our approach paves the way for highly sensitive quantum measurements, applicable to various interferometric schemes.
Quantum-enhanced sensors that exploit N -photon entanglement surpass the shot-noise limit by N and achieve N -fold resolution gains [1, 2]. Structured light can further boost sensitivity [3]. However, shaping entanglement beyond two photons remains difficult because of inefficient optical setups and the low generation probability of multi-photon states. Consequently, demonstrations with high-order structured light have so far been restricted to N ≤ 2 [1], and larger- N interferometers lacked large spatial structure, limiting improvement to N -fold resolution. Our work unifies these capabilities.
ABSTRACT Structured light enhances quantum information processing by combining quantum states of light and shaped wavefronts. However, until now, the advantages of high photon‐number states and of structured light have only been demonstrated separately. Here, we report a rotation sensor that combines ‐dimensional spatial modulation with four‐photon quantum states, yielding significantly improved angular resolution that scales as their product, . Our work shows that it is possible to use both multi‐photon states of light together with high spatial mode numbers, opening avenues in quantum sensing, communications, and quantum computing.