The quantum image encryption and authentication algorithm are proposed based on quantum affine transformation and quantum Haar wavelet transform. This algorithm is divided into two main steps: encryption and embedding. During the encryption phase, affine transform and Hénon map are combined to carry out scrambling-diffusion processing on the plaintext image. In the phase of embedding, the color carrier image undergoes decomposition using the quantum Haar wavelet transform. Then the ciphertext image information and identity information are hidden into the wavelet domain of the color carrier image, and the final transmitted image has visual significance. The suggested algorithm significantly minimizes the risk of image data compromise during transmission and realizes the dual security of encryption and authentication. The security and the robustness of the algorithm are analyzed by using the evaluation indexes of image encryption and information hiding. The findings indicate that the introduced algorithm offers superior security compared to alternative methods, ensuring a more dependable and safeguarded transmission of image data.
The quantum image encryption and authentication algorithm are proposed based on quantum affine transformation and quantum Haar wavelet transform. This algorithm is divided into two main steps: encryption and embedding. During the encryption phase, affine transform and Hénon map are combined to carry out scrambling-diffusion processing on the plaintext image. In the phase of embedding, the color carrier image undergoes decomposition using the quantum Haar wavelet transform. Then the ciphertext image information and identity information are hidden into the wavelet domain of the color carrier image, and the final transmitted image has visual significance. The suggested algorithm significantly minimizes the risk of image data compromise during transmission and realizes the dual security of encryption and authentication. The security and the robustness of the algorithm are analyzed by using the evaluation indexes of image encryption and information hiding. The findings indicate that the introduced algorithm offers superior security compared to alternative methods, ensuring a more dependable and safeguarded transmission of image data.
An algorithm of quantum image encryption based on a normal arbitrary superposition state (NASS) is proposed by using quantum geometric transform, phase-shift transform, and quantum Haar wavelet packet transform (QHWPT) in this paper. Firstly, to scramble an image, we design an implementation circuit of quantum image pixel exchanges along diagonal lines. Next, [Formula: see text] keys randomly distributed between 0 and [Formula: see text] are encoded in the encryption algorithm by using phase-shift transform. The huge key space makes it difficult to attack encrypted images. Then, we store image information in low frequency using QHWPT to improve encryption effect. After that, the encryption algorithms of gray image and color image are simulated by using MATLAB, respectively. Meanwhile, evaluation indexes such as histogram, complexity and correlation of adjacent pixels are analyzed. Simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm is valid.
Quantum steganography is a technology which can hide information effectively for achieving copyright protection. In this paper, a quantum steganography scheme using quantum wavelet transform and the novel enhanced quantum representation for quantum image is proposed, and this scheme can embed the secret text of size [Formula: see text] into a [Formula: see text] gray-scale carrier image. In the scrambling operation, the text is scrambled by the scrambling circuit including bit-reverse, quantum equal and CNOT gate to improve its security. Before embedding, the carrier image is first transformed by 1-level quantum Haar wavelet transform, and then its low-frequency part is divided into blocks. The simulation results suggest that the proposed scheme has good performance in visual quality and robustness. Finally, through the analysis of circuit complexity, the scheme has low complexity O(n).
In this paper, a new quantum image compression and encryption algorithm is proposed by combining quantum discrete cosine transform and hyperchaotic system. The algorithm performs the quantum discrete cosine transform on the quantum grayscale image, gets the spectrum of quantum discrete cosine transform, then compresses the quantum grayscale image, and finally uses the hyperchaotic system to encrypt the compressed quantum grayscale image to get the ciphertext image. Multi-spectrum, continuous images make it difficult and burdensome to store, process and transmit image data. Image compression technology takes advantage of the redundancy of image information and the defects of human vision and other characteristics to solve the problem of image information redundancy. The combination of quantum image encryption and quantum image compression not only improves the security of quantum images but also saves network transmission bandwidth.
An adaptive quantum image encryption method based on wavelet transform is designed. Since the characteristic of most information is centralized in the low frequency part after performing the wavelet transform, it reserves the image low frequency information only, so as to reduce the encryption workload. Then it encrypts the low frequency information by the random key stream generated by logistic map, the encryption process is realized by implementing XOR operation. In the decryption process, it carries out zero filling operations for high frequency coefficient to recover the decryption images which are equal to the plain images. At the same time, the relevant quantum logical circuit is designed. Statistical simulation and theoretical analysis demonstrate that the proposed quantum image encryption algorithm has higher security and lower computational complexity. So it is adaptive to the scenes that need to encrypt a large number of images during network transmission.
In this paper, a novel frequency domain quantum watermarking scheme is proposed based on the Flexible Representation of Quantum Images, which can embed a 2n1× 2n1binary watermark image into a 2n× 2ngrayscale carrier image. The quantum Haar wavelet transform is developed and used to decompose quantum images. The diagonal detail coefficients of the carrier image are obtained from the image decomposition. Then, according to the watermark image information, the diagonal wavelet coefficients are either unchanged or slightly modified. Since all of the used quantum operations are invertible, extraction of the watermark image is performed in a straightforward manner by reversing the watermarking embedding process. Finally, the proposed quantum image watermarking scheme is simulated on a classical computer and evaluated under different carrier and watermark images. The simulation results and performance analyses indicate the high performance of the presented watermarking scheme in terms of the similarity between the watermarked and carrier images.
Abstract In the field of Internet, an image is of great significance to information transmission. Meanwhile, how to ensure and improve its security has become the focus of international research. We combine DNA codec with quantum Arnold transform (QArT) to propose a new double encryption algorithm for quantum color images to improve the security and robustness of image encryption. First, we utilize the biological characteristics of DNA codecs to perform encoding and decoding operations on pixel color information in quantum color images, and achieve pixel-level diffusion. Second, we use QArT to scramble the position information of quantum images and use the operated image as the key matrix for quantum XOR operations. All quantum operations in this paper are reversible, so the decryption operation of the ciphertext image can be realized by the reverse operation of the encryption process. We conduct simulation experiments on encryption and decryption using three color images of “Monkey”, “Flower”, and “House”. The experimental results show that the peak value and correlation of the encrypted images on the histogram have good similarity, and the average normalized pixel change rate (NPCR) of RGB three-channel is 99.61%, the average uniform average change intensity (UACI) is 33.41%, and the average information entropy is about 7.9992. In addition, the robustness of the proposed algorithm is verified by the simulation of noise interference in the actual scenario.