Abstract Controlled cyclic hybrid quantum communication (CCHQC) has emerged as a promising framework for secure multi-party quantum networks. We propose a novel multi-supervisor CCHQC protocol that enhances security and fault tolerance while maintaining high-dimensional state transmission capabilities. Our protocol enables simultaneous cyclic teleportation of arbitrary unknown qudit states and remote state preparation of known states under multiple controller supervision. By employing a carefully designed multi-partite entangled channel and optimized measurement operators, we achieve unit success probability in noiseless conditions. Furthermore, we introduce a comprehensive noise mitigation strategy combining weak measurement, environment-assisted measurement, and quantum error correction techniques to combat amplitude damping noise. Through detailed performance analysis, we demonstrate that our protocol outperforms existing schemes in terms of intrinsic efficiency, security, and roCoverLetter.texbustness against decoherence. The proposed architecture provides a scalable solution for practical quantum network implementations in noisy environments.
Abstract Controlled cyclic hybrid quantum communication (CCHQC) has emerged as a promising framework for secure multi-party quantum networks. We propose a novel multi-supervisor CCHQC protocol that enhances security and fault tolerance while maintaining high-dimensional state transmission capabilities. Our protocol enables simultaneous cyclic teleportation of arbitrary unknown qudit states and remote state preparation of known states under multiple controller supervision. By employing a carefully designed multi-partite entangled channel and optimized measurement operators, we achieve unit success probability in noiseless conditions. Furthermore, we introduce a comprehensive noise mitigation strategy combining weak measurement, environment-assisted measurement, and quantum error correction techniques to combat amplitude damping noise. Through detailed performance analysis, we demonstrate that our protocol outperforms existing schemes in terms of intrinsic efficiency, security, and roCoverLetter.texbustness against decoherence. The proposed architecture provides a scalable solution for practical quantum network implementations in noisy environments.
Abstract Driven by the development of quantum communication networks toward multi-user and high-security scenarios, this paper investigates controlled cyclic teleportation (CCT) in high-dimensional systems with diverse control modes. Three peer-level control models and two hierarchical control models are investigated, each with three users and three controllers. The corresponding CCT protocols are designed by establishing suitable entangled channels from an initial nine-qudit state. Classical information encoding is skillfully employed to reduce the classical communication overhead. Under the authorization of the controllers, each sender can deterministically teleport an arbitrary single-qudit state to her adjacent receiver. The receivers’ recovery operations are given by general expressions that explicitly reveal the dependence on the measurement outcomes. In addition, we systematically analyze the influence of amplitude damping noise in the three-dimensional system and improve the fidelity using environment-assisted measurement (EAM). Given favorable environmental measurement outcomes and successful reversal operations, the EAM strategy can conditionally restore unit fidelity under the optimal reversal condition, with the corresponding success probability explicitly quantified. Compared with existing CCT protocols, the proposed protocols are applicable to arbitrary-dimensional quantum states, support richer control modes within a unified framework, and provide quantitatively characterized anti-noise performance.
In this paper, by using eleven entangled quantum states as a quantum channel, we propose a cyclic and asymmetric novel protocol for four participants in which both Alice and Bob can transmit two-qubit states, and Charlie can transmit three-qubit states with the assistance of the supervisor David, who provides a guarantee for communication security. This protocol is based on GHZ state measurement (GHZ), single-qubit measurement (SM), and unitary operations (UO) to implement the communication task. The analysis demonstrates that the success probability of the proposed protocol can reach 100%. Furthermore, considering that in actual production environments, it is difficult to avoid the occurrence of noise in quantum channels, this paper also analyzes the changes in fidelity in four types of noisy scenarios: bit-flip noise, phase-flip noise, bit-phase-flip noise, and depolarizing noise. Showing that communication quality only depends on the amplitude parameters of the initial state and decoherence rate. Additionally, we give a comparison with previous similar schemes in terms of achieved method and intrinsic efficiency, which illustrates the superiority of our protocol. Finally, in response to the vulnerability of quantum channels to external attacks, a security analysis was conducted, and corresponding defensive measures were proposed.
Abstract Hybrid quantum communication with the combination of quantum teleportation and remote preparation is hopeful for promoting the development of quantum networks and enriching the diversity of quantum network communication. To improve the communication efficiency and enhance the scalability of the quantum networks, a meaningful protocol for controlled cyclic and bidirectional hybrid quantum communication of arbitrary two‐qubit states is proposed, which allows quantum information to be transmitted simultaneously in both directions among multiple participants. With the permission of one controller, each observer can simultaneously transmit arbitrary known two‐qubit states and unknown ones to their adjacent observers, by implementing remote preparation and quantum teleportation in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions. Furthermore, the participants just carry out some quantum measurements and recovery operations to achieve the communication target, and the desired states can be attained with a unit success probability, thus the protocol is deterministic. Finally, some comparisons are also made with other similar protocols, which shows that the protocol is better in qubit efficiency and communication capacity.
Abstract This paper proposes a hierarchical controlled bidirectional hybrid quantum information transmission (HCBHQIT) protocol for arbitrary two-qubit states based on a special ten-qubit entangled state. The protocol implements a hierarchical control mechanism where high-level agent Alice can complete quantum teleportation of any unknown two-qubit state to Bob with only one controller Charlie’s assistance, while low-level agent Bob requires collaborative control from both Charlie and an additional controller David to remotely prepare arbitrary known two-qubit states at Alice’s location (with Alice remaining completely unaware of the state). We comprehensively analyze protocol implementation in noisy environments, particularly examining fidelity degradation under various noise conditions, and calculate the intrinsic efficiency through comparative evaluations. The scheme innovatively integrates multi-level control architecture with bidirectional hybrid communication technology over a shared quantum channel, with detailed discussions for both ideal and noisy scenarios. Demonstrated to maintain practical value across multiple application scenarios, this protocol advances controllable quantum communication systems through its hierarchical access management and dual-directional information transfer capabilities.
Abstract Multi-party quantum communication has gradually attracted widespread attention. To realize the perfect transmission of quantum states among multiple participants, a novel multi-party controlled cyclic remote preparation protocol for arbitrary single-qubit states with three senders is proposed. With the permission of one controller, each sender can transmit an arbitrary single-qubit state to its neighbor. In addition, we give a universal protocol for multi-party controlled cyclic remote preparation of arbitrary single-qubit states in the case of multiple senders, which can realize deterministic cyclic preparation of multiple quantum states in one direction. The scheme shows that the communication task can be successfully achieved only if all senders cooperate with the controller, and there is no need for the senders to employ information splitting and additional operations before performing measurements. Finally, we discuss the cyclic remote preparation protocol with three senders under five types of noisy environment, and the closeness between the output state and original state is measured by calculating fidelity.
The quantum teleportation is an emerging communication technology based on the principles of quantum mechanics. It utilizes the properties of quantum entanglement and quantum superposition to achieve secure transmission of information. Most of the current quantum teleportation protocols are analyzed under ideal environment, and merely realized the transmission of either single or two particle unknown quantum states between two participants. In this paper, by using eleven entangled quantum states as a quantum channel, we propose a cyclic and asymmetric novel protocol for four participants. The communication task is achieved by employing GHZ state measurement (GHZ), single-qubit measurement (SM), and unitary operations (UO) as the foundation of this protocol. Analysis demonstrates that the success probability of the proposed protocol can reach 100%. Furthermore, considering that in actual production environments, it is difficult to avoid the occurrence of noise in quantum channels, this paper also analyzes the changes in fidelity in two types of noisy scenarios: bit-flip noise, phase-flip noise. Showing that communication quality only depends on the amplitude parameters of the initial state and decoherence rate. Finally, we give a comparison with previous similar schemes in terms of achieved method and intrinsic efficiency, which illustrates the superiority of our protocol.