Abstract Driven by the development of quantum communication networks toward multi-user and high-security scenarios, this paper investigates controlled cyclic teleportation (CCT) in high-dimensional systems with diverse control modes. Three peer-level control models and two hierarchical control models are investigated, each with three users and three controllers. The corresponding CCT protocols are designed by establishing suitable entangled channels from an initial nine-qudit state. Classical information encoding is skillfully employed to reduce the classical communication overhead. Under the authorization of the controllers, each sender can deterministically teleport an arbitrary single-qudit state to her adjacent receiver. The receivers’ recovery operations are given by general expressions that explicitly reveal the dependence on the measurement outcomes. In addition, we systematically analyze the influence of amplitude damping noise in the three-dimensional system and improve the fidelity using environment-assisted measurement (EAM). Given favorable environmental measurement outcomes and successful reversal operations, the EAM strategy can conditionally restore unit fidelity under the optimal reversal condition, with the corresponding success probability explicitly quantified. Compared with existing CCT protocols, the proposed protocols are applicable to arbitrary-dimensional quantum states, support richer control modes within a unified framework, and provide quantitatively characterized anti-noise performance.
Abstract Driven by the development of quantum communication networks toward multi-user and high-security scenarios, this paper investigates controlled cyclic teleportation (CCT) in high-dimensional systems with diverse control modes. Three peer-level control models and two hierarchical control models are investigated, each with three users and three controllers. The corresponding CCT protocols are designed by establishing suitable entangled channels from an initial nine-qudit state. Classical information encoding is skillfully employed to reduce the classical communication overhead. Under the authorization of the controllers, each sender can deterministically teleport an arbitrary single-qudit state to her adjacent receiver. The receivers’ recovery operations are given by general expressions that explicitly reveal the dependence on the measurement outcomes. In addition, we systematically analyze the influence of amplitude damping noise in the three-dimensional system and improve the fidelity using environment-assisted measurement (EAM). Given favorable environmental measurement outcomes and successful reversal operations, the EAM strategy can conditionally restore unit fidelity under the optimal reversal condition, with the corresponding success probability explicitly quantified. Compared with existing CCT protocols, the proposed protocols are applicable to arbitrary-dimensional quantum states, support richer control modes within a unified framework, and provide quantitatively characterized anti-noise performance.
Abstract Controlled cyclic hybrid quantum communication (CCHQC) has emerged as a promising framework for secure multi-party quantum networks. We propose a novel multi-supervisor CCHQC protocol that enhances security and fault tolerance while maintaining high-dimensional state transmission capabilities. Our protocol enables simultaneous cyclic teleportation of arbitrary unknown qudit states and remote state preparation of known states under multiple controller supervision. By employing a carefully designed multi-partite entangled channel and optimized measurement operators, we achieve unit success probability in noiseless conditions. Furthermore, we introduce a comprehensive noise mitigation strategy combining weak measurement, environment-assisted measurement, and quantum error correction techniques to combat amplitude damping noise. Through detailed performance analysis, we demonstrate that our protocol outperforms existing schemes in terms of intrinsic efficiency, security, and roCoverLetter.texbustness against decoherence. The proposed architecture provides a scalable solution for practical quantum network implementations in noisy environments.
Most existing quantum teleportation schemes do not consider the memory effect of noise, which is becoming increasingly serious in practical quantum communication. In this paper, we propose two quantum teleportation protocols for noisy memory channels: one based on pre-flipping (PF) and another incorporating pre-flipping with environment-assisted measurement (PF-EAM). In the PF protocol, a pre-flipping operation is applied to the entangled qubits before entanglement distribution to enhance robustness against noise. A recovery operator is then used to reverse the pre-flipping operation. In the PF-EAM protocol, environment-assisted measurement (EAM) is added to the entanglement distribution process, further improving teleportation fidelity. Since the pre-flipping operator in the two protocols is a fixed unitary operator, our protocols exclude additional parameters, which is unlike weak measurement (WM) schemes that rely on adjustable measurement strength. We derive the analytical expressions for the average fidelity and the success probability of our teleportation protocols. The results show that the pre-flipping operator in the PF protocol effectively enhances the average fidelity of quantum teleportation in a deterministic manner, while the fidelity of PF-EAM remains at constant 1, unaffected by the noise intensity in the channel. In addition, our PF-EAM achieves a higher success probability while maintaining the fidelity of 1 with respect to the existing unprotected teleportation protocol, protocol based on weak measurement and measurement reversal (WM-MR), and protocol based on quantum feed-forward control and environment-assisted measurement (QFFC-EAM) framework.
In this paper, an optimal asymmetric controlled teleportation protocol is proposed, where a three-dimensional (3D) GHZ entangled state is utilized to teleport an arbitrary unknown two-dimensional (2D) qubit and the correlation between the two entangled qutrits caused by their continuous transmission through a noisy channel is considered. We design a high-dimensional feed-forward control operator and use weak measurement reversal instead of the unitary operations in standard teleportation to mitigate the reduction in fidelity caused by noise. We further derive the average fidelity and overall success probability of the proposed teleportation protocol, and simulate its performance under correlated amplitude damping (CAD) and amplitude damping (AD) noise channels. The simulation results show that our protocol significantly improves the average fidelity under CAD noise. In particular, under AD noise, the average fidelity remains constant at 1. Moreover, we derive the optimal overall success probability without compromising fidelity. To verify the superiority of the feed-forward control method, we also calculate and analyze the performance of an asymmetric controlled teleportation protocol using only environment-assisted measurement (EAM), and compare it with the performance of our protocol through simulation. The results demonstrate that our protocol outperforms the protocol using only EAM methods in both CAD and AD noise.
Quantum teleportation has evolved from single-qubit, unidirectional communication to multi-qubit and multidirectional protocols. However, most existing schemes rely on protocol-specific entangled resources, motivating the development of universal quantum channels capable of supporting multiple communication tasks simultaneously. In this work, we demonstrate that a single twelve-qubit entangled channel exhibits such versatility by enabling the bidirectional teleportation of arbitrary three-qubit states and the cyclic teleportation of arbitrary two-qubit states through local Bell-state measurements and single-qubit operations. Both protocols are further generalized to multi-qubit and multi-party configurations, establishing the scalability of the proposed framework. To assess its practical applicability, the protocols are analyzed under amplitude-damping, phase-damping, bit-flip, phase-flip, and depolarizing noise channels by plotting the teleportation fidelity as a function of both the input-state parameters and noise strength. The analysis reveals distinct noise sensitivities, with the bidirectional protocol remaining perfectly faithful under bit-flip noise for all input states and noise strengths, while the cyclic protocol is consistently more vulnerable to environmental disturbances. The proposed schemes achieve an intrinsic efficiency of 25%, which is compared with several existing protocols. The framework therefore provides a scalable and resource-efficient approach to unified quantum communication in realistic noisy quantum networks.
Abstract This work presents a three-party cyclic quantum teleportation protocol realized through a nine-qubit resource state. In this framework, Alice, Bob, and Charlie simultaneously exchange their respective unknown two-qubit entangled states in a closed-loop configuration using local Bell-state measurements and single-qubit operations with each participant acting as both sender and receiver. We show that the direction of information transfer can be reversed by suitably reallocating the channel qubits among the users, without needing to change the channel state altogether. The scheme is further generalized to an N -party network, enabling cyclic exchange of quantum information through a suitably extended channel. We further demonstrate the practical viability by implementing the proposed nine-qubit quantum channel on a real quantum processor, allowing characterization of its behaviour under realistic hardware noise. The protocol was simulated incorporating five standard noise models were performed to study the teleportation fidelity as a function of both the noise strength and the input-state amplitudes, revealing a clear dependence on initial-state parameters and decoherence rates. Finally, the intrinsic efficiency of the protocol was evaluated and found to surpass that of existing approaches, highlighting its promise for scalable multi-party quantum communication networks.
This paper presents a tripartite quantum teleportation protocol that incorporates feed-forward control and environment-assisted measurement, aiming to suppress the influence of arbitrary noise with at least one reversible Kraus operator. In this protocol, the feed-forward control is first utilized before the decoherence channel, such that the entangled qubit is transferred to the target state, which is more robust against noise. Next, the measurement is performed on the noise environment coupled with the entangled qubit during the decoherence channel. Finally, the reversed feed-forward control and the redesigned weak measurement reversal operator are applied after the decoherence channel. This protocol can be applied to the case where both amplitude damping and phase damping noise coexist. Based on this protocol, the analytical expressions for performance metrics including the average fidelity and the success probability are further derived. Even for the heavy damping cases, the final average teleportation fidelity can reach 1, which is independent of the magnitude of decoherence and the entanglement parameters. Furthermore, we optimize the success probability without compromising fidelity, and derive the average fidelity expression of the standard tripartite teleportation protocol through the phase damping noise channel. The effectiveness of our protocol is verified by numerical simulations.