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Entropy

Asymmetric Cyclic Controlled Quantum Teleportation via Multiple-Qubit Entangled State in a Noisy Environment

Hanxuan Zhou

Published Dec 18, 2024• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, by using eleven entangled quantum states as a quantum channel, we propose a cyclic and asymmetric novel protocol for four participants in which both Alice and Bob can transmit two-qubit states, and Charlie can transmit three-qubit states with the assistance of the supervisor David, who provides a guarantee for communication security. This protocol is based on GHZ state measurement (GHZ), single-qubit measurement (SM), and unitary operations (UO) to implement the communication task. The analysis demonstrates that the success probability of the proposed protocol can reach 100%. Furthermore, considering that in actual production environments, it is difficult to avoid the occurrence of noise in quantum channels, this paper also analyzes the changes in fidelity in four types of noisy scenarios: bit-flip noise, phase-flip noise, bit-phase-flip noise, and depolarizing noise. Showing that communication quality only depends on the amplitude parameters of the initial state and decoherence rate. Additionally, we give a comparison with previous similar schemes in terms of achieved method and intrinsic efficiency, which illustrates the superiority of our protocol. Finally, in response to the vulnerability of quantum channels to external attacks, a security analysis was conducted, and corresponding defensive measures were proposed.

DOI
10.3390/e26121108

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In this paper, by using eleven entangled quantum states as a quantum channel, we propose a cyclic and asymmetric novel protocol for four participants in which both Alice and Bob can transmit two-qubit states, and Charlie can transmit three-qubit states with the assistance of the supervisor David, who provides a guarantee for communication security. This protocol is based on GHZ state measurement (GHZ), single-qubit measurement (SM), and unitary operations (UO) to implement the communication task. The analysis demonstrates that the success probability of the proposed protocol can reach 100%. Furthermore, considering that in actual production environments, it is difficult to avoid the occurrence of noise in quantum channels, this paper also analyzes the changes in fidelity in four types of noisy scenarios: bit-flip noise, phase-flip noise, bit-phase-flip noise, and depolarizing noise. Showing that communication quality only depends on the amplitude parameters of the initial state and decoherence rate. Additionally, we give a comparison with previous similar schemes in terms of achieved method and intrinsic efficiency, which illustrates the superiority of our protocol. Finally, in response to the vulnerability of quantum channels to external attacks, a security analysis was conducted, and corresponding defensive measures were proposed.
The quantum teleportation is an emerging communication technology based on the principles of quantum mechanics. It utilizes the properties of quantum entanglement and quantum superposition to achieve secure transmission of information. Most of the current quantum teleportation protocols are analyzed under ideal environment, and merely realized the transmission of either single or two particle unknown quantum states between two participants. In this paper, by using eleven entangled quantum states as a quantum channel, we propose a cyclic and asymmetric novel protocol for four participants. The communication task is achieved by employing GHZ state measurement (GHZ), single-qubit measurement (SM), and unitary operations (UO) as the foundation of this protocol. Analysis demonstrates that the success probability of the proposed protocol can reach 100%. Furthermore, considering that in actual production environments, it is difficult to avoid the occurrence of noise in quantum channels, this paper also analyzes the changes in fidelity in two types of noisy scenarios: bit-flip noise, phase-flip noise. Showing that communication quality only depends on the amplitude parameters of the initial state and decoherence rate. Finally, we give a comparison with previous similar schemes in terms of achieved method and intrinsic efficiency, which illustrates the superiority of our protocol.
In this paper, a scheme for cyclic hybrid double-channel quantum communication is proposed by using the product state of three Bell states and three Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states as the quantum channel. It shows that Alice teleports a single-qubit state to Bob and prepares a single-qubit state for Charlie, Bob teleports a single-qubit state to Charlie and prepares a single-qubit state for Alice, while Charlie teleports a single-qubit state to Alice and prepares a single-qubit state for Bob. The quantum channel is constructed by using Hadamard (H) and Controlled-NOT (CNOT) operations. Participants reconstruct the desired states by performing Bell-state measurements, single-qubit measurements, and unitary transformations. Compared with existing schemes, this new scheme improves the efficiency and capacity of quantum communication because it constructs a cyclic and bidirectional quantum communication and simultaneously supports two communication protocols, quantum teleportation and remote state preparation. Only single-qubit measurements, two-qubit measurements, and basic unitary transformations are utilized in the scheme, so our operation complexity is lower than others. Thus, the scheme is likely to be implemented through physical experiments in the future. Besides this, we discuss the impact of noisy environments (amplitude-damping, phase-damping noise, bit-flip noise, and phase-flip noise) in the scheme and calculate the fidelities of the output states. It is demonstrated that the fidelities only depend on the coefficients of the initial state and the decoherence rate.
In the existing research on cyclic teleportation protocols, it is generally discussed that the teleportation of single particle, two particle unknown quantum states with symmetrical structure or asymmetric special unknown quantum states (such as GHZ state) with three or four participants. In contrast, the scheme proposed in this paper has universality and stronger practicability. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme of asymmetric cyclic controlled teleportation. In our scheme, Alice can teleport an arbitrary single-qubit entangled state to Charlie, Charlie can teleport an arbitrary three-qubit entangled state to Bob and at the same time Bob can teleport an arbitrary two-qubit entangled state to Alice under the control of a controller David. It only needs Bell measurement and local unitary operation, and can realize three-party cyclic transmission with probability 1 by using a quantum channel composed of any six of the 16 G states.
Quantum teleportation has evolved from single-qubit, unidirectional communication to multi-qubit and multidirectional protocols. However, most existing schemes rely on protocol-specific entangled resources, motivating the development of universal quantum channels capable of supporting multiple communication tasks simultaneously. In this work, we demonstrate that a single twelve-qubit entangled channel exhibits such versatility by enabling the bidirectional teleportation of arbitrary three-qubit states and the cyclic teleportation of arbitrary two-qubit states through local Bell-state measurements and single-qubit operations. Both protocols are further generalized to multi-qubit and multi-party configurations, establishing the scalability of the proposed framework. To assess its practical applicability, the protocols are analyzed under amplitude-damping, phase-damping, bit-flip, phase-flip, and depolarizing noise channels by plotting the teleportation fidelity as a function of both the input-state parameters and noise strength. The analysis reveals distinct noise sensitivities, with the bidirectional protocol remaining perfectly faithful under bit-flip noise for all input states and noise strengths, while the cyclic protocol is consistently more vulnerable to environmental disturbances. The proposed schemes achieve an intrinsic efficiency of 25%25\%25%, which is compared with several existing protocols. The framework therefore provides a scalable and resource-efficient approach to unified quantum communication in realistic noisy quantum networks.
In this paper, two three-party cyclic teleportation schemes for real arbitrary quantum states of a single particle and two particles are proposed for the first time. In the first ([Formula: see text]) scheme, Alice sends any single particle state to Bob, Bob sends any two-particle states to Charlie, and meanwhile Charlie sends any single particle state to Alice. In the second ([Formula: see text]) scheme, with the help of the controller David, Alice sends any two-particle states to Bob, Bob sends any two-particle states to Charlie, and Charlie sends any single particle state to Alice simultaneously. Based on the maximum entangled quantum channel shared in advance, the communication participants carry out some Bell state measurement (BSM) measurements and carry out corresponding unitary transformation according to the results published by each other. After that, the cyclic teleportation of predetermined quantum information can be successfully realized. The success probability of teleportation of both schemes can reach 100%. Finally, this paper briefly analyzes the security of the two schemes and compares them with some previously published schemes from the perspective of inherent efficiency. The results show that the two schemes proposed in this paper are safe and have high inherent efficiency. Different from the previous symmetric cyclic quantum teleportation methods, the asymmetric cyclic quantum teleportation schemes proposed in this paper are more universal.
Abstract This work presents a three-party cyclic quantum teleportation protocol realized through a nine-qubit resource state. In this framework, Alice, Bob, and Charlie simultaneously exchange their respective unknown two-qubit entangled states in a closed-loop configuration using local Bell-state measurements and single-qubit operations with each participant acting as both sender and receiver. We show that the direction of information transfer can be reversed by suitably reallocating the channel qubits among the users, without needing to change the channel state altogether. The scheme is further generalized to an N -party network, enabling cyclic exchange of quantum information through a suitably extended channel. We further demonstrate the practical viability by implementing the proposed nine-qubit quantum channel on a real quantum processor, allowing characterization of its behaviour under realistic hardware noise. The protocol was simulated incorporating five standard noise models were performed to study the teleportation fidelity as a function of both the noise strength and the input-state amplitudes, revealing a clear dependence on initial-state parameters and decoherence rates. Finally, the intrinsic efficiency of the protocol was evaluated and found to surpass that of existing approaches, highlighting its promise for scalable multi-party quantum communication networks.