Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Optics Express

Nonreciprocal quantum sensing via directional squeezing in two coupled microring resonators

Zhuang Xu, Chengdeng Gou, Guang-ming Huang, Gao-Xiang Li

Published Dec 23, 2025• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme for nonreciprocal quantum rotation sensing in two coupled microring resonators, one of which rotates in a clockwise direction. Driving the rotating resonator in two directions induces the opposite Sagnac-Fizeau shifts. By pumping the other nonlinear resonator via classical field, directional squeezing is generated along the pump direction due to the phase-matching condition, which leads to an asymmetric detuning and chiral photon interaction between the two resonators. As a result, the estimation of the Sagnac-Fizeau shift is shown to be nonreciprocal, i.e., the estimation precision is dramatically enhanced for the forward-input case, where most of the accessible information is predominantly stored in the primary resonator, but not for the backward-input one. Further, we evaluate the performance of several Gaussian measurements and analyze how measurements of the second-order coherence g (2) (0) can extract quantum-enhanced information and improve measurement precision. The proposed scheme offers what we believe to be a new perspective for the design of a nonreciprocal quantum gyroscope.

DOI
10.1364/oe.584262

Related papers

Nonreciprocal quantum rotation sensing via virtual-excitation enhancement in a spinning cavity

Lu-Qi Yang, Yu-Meng Ren, Peng-Bo Li

Quantum sensing with high precision and sensitivity plays an important role in quantum technologies and quantum information processing. Here, we propose a nonreciprocal quantum metrological scheme for estimating rotational angular velocity in a hybrid light-matter platform, where the setup consists of a spinning ring cavity coupled to a two-level system and an auxiliary bosonic mode. Through the Sagnac effect, the angular velocity is converted into a direction-dependent detuning, which modifies the effective light-matter dressing of the hybrid system. As a result, the angular velocity is encoded not only into the renormalized hybrid-mode spectrum, but also into the virtual excitations generated by ultrastrong coupling. These virtual excitations modify the polaritonic frequency response to rotation and enhance the quantum Fisher information (QFI) associated with angular velocity estimation, without requiring direct extraction of virtual excitations. Moreover, since the Sagnac-Fizeau shift enters the virtual-transition energy denominators, the metrological response becomes intrinsically different for opposite driving directions, leading to a tunable nonreciprocal sensitivity contrast. In addition, we also discuss a readout scheme and show that bundle emission coincidence counting can serve as an auxiliary direction-dependent readout channel. Our results provide a route toward exploiting nonreciprocal light-matter dressing and virtual excitations as resources for quantum rotation sensing.

quant-pharXiv:2606.10984•Jun 10, 2026•0 citations

Manipulation of tunable nonreciprocal entanglement and one-way steering induced by two-photon driving

Si‐Yu Guan, Hong‐Fu Wang, Yi Xue-Xi

We consider an all-optical system consisting of two whispering-gallery-mode microring resonators and two adjacent optical waveguides. Pumping fields from different directions can simultaneously excite both clockwise and counterclockwise modes in the two resonators. When the propagation direction of the excited photons aligns with the propagation direction of the photons excited by two-photon driving, satisfying the phase-matching conditions, stable nonreciprocal quantum entanglement and one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering can be effectively generated. This work demonstrates that quantum correlations can only be prepared when the system is driven by a pumping field from the unique port, a condition induced by the nonlinearity of the system. Furthermore, we show that the maximum values of quantum entanglement and one-way EPR steering can be achieved when the frequency detunings of the two optical modes are opposite, and higher two-photon driving strength and coupling strength significantly enhance quantum entanglement and one-way EPR steering. Our study provides a highly manipulable platform, offering promise for one-way quantum computing and quantum communication based on macroscopic entangled states.

Physical Review A•Jun 17, 2024•13 citations

Directional quantum-squeezing-enabled nonreciprocal enhancement of entanglement

Tian-Xiang Lu, Baijun Li, Yan Wang +3 more

We theoretically propose how to achieve nonreciprocal enhancement of bipartite and tripartite entanglement using an optomechanical resonator coupled to a nonlinear optical resonator. We find that by our pumping the nonlinear resonator, directional optical squeezing can occur along the pump direction, resulting in an asymmetric detuning and chiral photon interaction between the two resonators. As a result, nonreciprocal enhancement of bipartite and tripartite entanglement can be achieved, exhibiting robustness regarding bath temperature. Specifically, in one direction, bipartite entanglement can be enhanced by about 2 times and tripartite entanglement can be enhanced by about 3.5 times compared with the opposite direction. Our work provides a route to manipulate and enhance nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement using directional quantum squeezing, which may find potential applications in constructing chiral quantum networks.

Physical Review Applied•Dec 2, 2024•25 citations

Simultaneous nonreciprocal photon blockade via directional parametric amplification

Wei Zhang, Rui Hou, Tie Wang +3 more

We propose a scheme to achieve the simultaneous nonreciprocal photon blockade of two microring resonators in an all-optical system without any rotating parts. By unidirectionally parametrically pumping a ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}$-nonlinear resonator with a classical coherent field, the counterclockwise mode in the resonator is exposed to the parametric amplification process when a forward signal field is input in another resonator, but not the case for a backward signal field. This leads to different quantum interference effects among distinct excitation paths for two optical modes, which is the essential reason for simultaneous nonreciprocal photon blockade. We analytically give the optimal parameter conditions to achieve simultaneous strong photon blockade with the parametric amplification. Furthermore, the nonreciprocity is simultaneously enhanced through tuning the amplitude of input signal. Our work provides an avenue to realize simultaneous nonreciprocal single-photon devices without moving parts and may have potential applications in many-body quantum information processing and quantum communication.

Physical Review A•Aug 22, 2024•22 citations

Nonreciprocal photon bundle emission

Baijun Li, Jing-Xue Liu, Tian-Xiang Lu +3 more

Quantum squeezing, a cornerstone of quantum optics and photonics, has played a key role in achieving ultra-precision sensing and realizing nonreciprocal engineering. However, the nonreciprocal multiquanta emission has remained largely unexplored by using directional quantum squeezing. Here, the one-way photon-photon bundle emission in a compound system consisted of two coupled optical resonators and a two-level atom is investigated. It is found that the directional quantum squeezing induces the asymmetric frequency detuning and photon hopping interaction between the two resonators, leading to the directional excitation of the two-photon super-Rabi oscillation. In particular, by harnessing intrinsic dissipation of the system, two types of two-photon bundle emission can be selectively induced for the probe field input from one direction while it is prohibited with the probe from the other direction. This finding bridges the broad fields ranging from nonreciprocal physics to quantum squeezing optics and multiquanta emission control through an all-optical approach, which can enable potential applications in chiral quantum emitters and backscattering-immune photonic communications.

quant-pharXiv:2606.10379•Laser & Photonics Review•Jun 10, 2026•0 citations

Simultaneous nonreciprocal photon blockade in two coupled spinning resonators via Sagnac-Fizeau shift and parametric amplification

Chengdeng Gou, Xiangming Hu

In this paper we propose a scheme for achieving simultaneous nonreciprocal photon blockade for two coupled spinning resonators, one of which contains an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). Rotating two resonators gives rise to opposite Sagnac-Fizeau shifts for input from different ends. Depending on the opposite shifts, quantum destructive interference emerges and disappears in two-photon excitation. The emergence of destructive interference results in photon blockade in two resonators simultaneously for one end input, while the lack of complete destructive interference makes the blockade disappear for the other end input. The simultaneous nonreciprocal blockade is tunable by controlling the amplitude of the probe field and the driving field applied on the OPA. Our work paves the way to develop simultaneous nonreciprocal single-photon devices in multiple modes, which have potential applications in multichannel topological and chiral quantum technologies.

Physical Review A•Oct 30, 2023•27 citations
We propose a scheme for nonreciprocal quantum rotation sensing in two coupled microring resonators, one of which rotates in a clockwise direction. Driving the rotating resonator in two directions induces the opposite Sagnac-Fizeau shifts. By pumping the other nonlinear resonator via classical field, directional squeezing is generated along the pump direction due to the phase-matching condition, which leads to an asymmetric detuning and chiral photon interaction between the two resonators. As a result, the estimation of the Sagnac-Fizeau shift is shown to be nonreciprocal, i.e., the estimation precision is dramatically enhanced for the forward-input case, where most of the accessible information is predominantly stored in the primary resonator, but not for the backward-input one. Further, we evaluate the performance of several Gaussian measurements and analyze how measurements of the second-order coherence g (2) (0) can extract quantum-enhanced information and improve measurement precision. The proposed scheme offers what we believe to be a new perspective for the design of a nonreciprocal quantum gyroscope.
Quantum sensing with high precision and sensitivity plays an important role in quantum technologies and quantum information processing. Here, we propose a nonreciprocal quantum metrological scheme for estimating rotational angular velocity in a hybrid light-matter platform, where the setup consists of a spinning ring cavity coupled to a two-level system and an auxiliary bosonic mode. Through the Sagnac effect, the angular velocity is converted into a direction-dependent detuning, which modifies the effective light-matter dressing of the hybrid system. As a result, the angular velocity is encoded not only into the renormalized hybrid-mode spectrum, but also into the virtual excitations generated by ultrastrong coupling. These virtual excitations modify the polaritonic frequency response to rotation and enhance the quantum Fisher information (QFI) associated with angular velocity estimation, without requiring direct extraction of virtual excitations. Moreover, since the Sagnac-Fizeau shift enters the virtual-transition energy denominators, the metrological response becomes intrinsically different for opposite driving directions, leading to a tunable nonreciprocal sensitivity contrast. In addition, we also discuss a readout scheme and show that bundle emission coincidence counting can serve as an auxiliary direction-dependent readout channel. Our results provide a route toward exploiting nonreciprocal light-matter dressing and virtual excitations as resources for quantum rotation sensing.
We consider an all-optical system consisting of two whispering-gallery-mode microring resonators and two adjacent optical waveguides. Pumping fields from different directions can simultaneously excite both clockwise and counterclockwise modes in the two resonators. When the propagation direction of the excited photons aligns with the propagation direction of the photons excited by two-photon driving, satisfying the phase-matching conditions, stable nonreciprocal quantum entanglement and one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering can be effectively generated. This work demonstrates that quantum correlations can only be prepared when the system is driven by a pumping field from the unique port, a condition induced by the nonlinearity of the system. Furthermore, we show that the maximum values of quantum entanglement and one-way EPR steering can be achieved when the frequency detunings of the two optical modes are opposite, and higher two-photon driving strength and coupling strength significantly enhance quantum entanglement and one-way EPR steering. Our study provides a highly manipulable platform, offering promise for one-way quantum computing and quantum communication based on macroscopic entangled states.
We theoretically propose how to achieve nonreciprocal enhancement of bipartite and tripartite entanglement using an optomechanical resonator coupled to a nonlinear optical resonator. We find that by our pumping the nonlinear resonator, directional optical squeezing can occur along the pump direction, resulting in an asymmetric detuning and chiral photon interaction between the two resonators. As a result, nonreciprocal enhancement of bipartite and tripartite entanglement can be achieved, exhibiting robustness regarding bath temperature. Specifically, in one direction, bipartite entanglement can be enhanced by about 2 times and tripartite entanglement can be enhanced by about 3.5 times compared with the opposite direction. Our work provides a route to manipulate and enhance nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement using directional quantum squeezing, which may find potential applications in constructing chiral quantum networks.
We propose a scheme to achieve the simultaneous nonreciprocal photon blockade of two microring resonators in an all-optical system without any rotating parts. By unidirectionally parametrically pumping a ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}$-nonlinear resonator with a classical coherent field, the counterclockwise mode in the resonator is exposed to the parametric amplification process when a forward signal field is input in another resonator, but not the case for a backward signal field. This leads to different quantum interference effects among distinct excitation paths for two optical modes, which is the essential reason for simultaneous nonreciprocal photon blockade. We analytically give the optimal parameter conditions to achieve simultaneous strong photon blockade with the parametric amplification. Furthermore, the nonreciprocity is simultaneously enhanced through tuning the amplitude of input signal. Our work provides an avenue to realize simultaneous nonreciprocal single-photon devices without moving parts and may have potential applications in many-body quantum information processing and quantum communication.
Quantum squeezing, a cornerstone of quantum optics and photonics, has played a key role in achieving ultra-precision sensing and realizing nonreciprocal engineering. However, the nonreciprocal multiquanta emission has remained largely unexplored by using directional quantum squeezing. Here, the one-way photon-photon bundle emission in a compound system consisted of two coupled optical resonators and a two-level atom is investigated. It is found that the directional quantum squeezing induces the asymmetric frequency detuning and photon hopping interaction between the two resonators, leading to the directional excitation of the two-photon super-Rabi oscillation. In particular, by harnessing intrinsic dissipation of the system, two types of two-photon bundle emission can be selectively induced for the probe field input from one direction while it is prohibited with the probe from the other direction. This finding bridges the broad fields ranging from nonreciprocal physics to quantum squeezing optics and multiquanta emission control through an all-optical approach, which can enable potential applications in chiral quantum emitters and backscattering-immune photonic communications.
In this paper we propose a scheme for achieving simultaneous nonreciprocal photon blockade for two coupled spinning resonators, one of which contains an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). Rotating two resonators gives rise to opposite Sagnac-Fizeau shifts for input from different ends. Depending on the opposite shifts, quantum destructive interference emerges and disappears in two-photon excitation. The emergence of destructive interference results in photon blockade in two resonators simultaneously for one end input, while the lack of complete destructive interference makes the blockade disappear for the other end input. The simultaneous nonreciprocal blockade is tunable by controlling the amplitude of the probe field and the driving field applied on the OPA. Our work paves the way to develop simultaneous nonreciprocal single-photon devices in multiple modes, which have potential applications in multichannel topological and chiral quantum technologies.