Quantum Secret Sharing (QSS) in Quantum Blockchain Systems: A Comprehensive Survey and Future Outlook

Karan Bajaj, Raman Jeet Singh, Ravindra Singh Yadav

J Li, Weihua Chen, Xianmin Wang

ABSTRACT A blockchain‐assisted quantum secret sharing (QSS) framework, denoted BQSS, is presented for function‐level dealer reduction. BQSS decomposes the conventional dealer/coordinator role into plaintext‐input, quantum‐resource, and classical‐coordination functions, and transfers the objectively verifiable coordination functions to a smart‐contract state machine. Candidate GHZ states are distributed off‐chain and sampled through stabilizer predicates; retained generation outcomes provide private mask components for a classical VSS sharing of the masked secret . The smart contract coordinates registration, active‐set freezing, commitments, deadlines, VSS evidence, reconstruction triggering, deposits, and mask openings, thereby producing a globally auditable transcript for the classical workflow. Security is analyzed under explicit system assumptions on blockchain execution, classical cryptographic soundness, measurement‐report authenticity, and dealer‐side masking correctness. The baseline instantiation adopts a public‐audit reconstruction mode for threshold‐authorized disclosure, with participant‐private opening treated as an extension. Performance is evaluated through an Ethereum‐style BN254/Groth16 on‐chain cost model and an analytical depolarizing‐plus‐loss quantum‐resource model.

Anurag U. Kulkarni, Saurabh Jain, Adarsh Kumar

Zhu Zhen-chao

Quantum secret sharing（QSS） which is based on the laws of quantum mechanics,instead of mathematical assumptions can share the information unconditionally securely, according to the form of sharing information, quantum secret sharing can be divided into QSS of classical messages and QSS of quantum information,QSS of classical messages can be divided into QSS of classical messages based on entanglement and QSS of classical messages without entanglement, the representative protocols in three main branches of the quantum secret sharing schemes and its latest development were introduced, also prospect analysis of the schemes’ future development was given.

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