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Journal of Communications

Study of secret sharing schemes based on quantum theory

Zhu Zhen-chao

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum secret sharing(QSS) which is based on the laws of quantum mechanics,instead of mathematical assumptions can share the information unconditionally securely, according to the form of sharing information, quantum secret sharing can be divided into QSS of classical messages and QSS of quantum information,QSS of classical messages can be divided into QSS of classical messages based on entanglement and QSS of classical messages without entanglement, the representative protocols in three main branches of the quantum secret sharing schemes and its latest development were introduced, also prospect analysis of the schemes’ future development was given.

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Quantum secret sharing(QSS) which is based on the laws of quantum mechanics,instead of mathematical assumptions can share the information unconditionally securely, according to the form of sharing information, quantum secret sharing can be divided into QSS of classical messages and QSS of quantum information,QSS of classical messages can be divided into QSS of classical messages based on entanglement and QSS of classical messages without entanglement, the representative protocols in three main branches of the quantum secret sharing schemes and its latest development were introduced, also prospect analysis of the schemes’ future development was given.
Quantum secret sharing (QSS), as a quantum extension of classical secret sharing, uses the basic principles of quantum mechanics to share information safely among multiple parties, providing a new paradigm for information security. As a key foundation for secure multiparty quantum communication and distributed quantum computing, QSS has attracted considerable attention since its emergence. Currently, research in this field includes both classical and quantum scenarios, and continuous progress has been made in both theoretical and experimental aspects. This paper first reviews the current development of QSS for classical information. In this regard, significant and parallel progress has been made in both discrete-variable QSS and continuous-variable QSS. The QSS protocols for sharing classical information, from entangled states to single photons and then to coherent light, have been continuously optimized to better utilize available resources and achieve more efficient implementation under current technological conditions. Meanwhile, round-robin, measurement-device-independent, and other protocols have been steadily improving the security of QSS. Next, one will focus on QSS scheme for quantum secrets, which begins with the symmetry of access structures and introduces basic (k, n) threshold protocols, dynamic schemes that support adaptive agent groups, and symmetric quantum information splitting through entanglement. It further introduces hierarchical quantum secret sharing schemes for asymmetric splitting of quantum information. Considering practical laboratory conditions of quantum states as resources, an overall discussion is conducted on quantum secret sharing with graph states. Afterwards, the design of a continuous-variable scheme for quantum secret sharing is outlined, and entanglement state sharing and quantum teleportation between multiple senders and receivers are introduced. Finally, this review discusses and outlines the future development directions of QSS, thereby inspiring readers to further study and explore the relevant subjects.
Quantum computing and secure communication have gained considerable interest in recent years, as quantum computing has a potent ability to accelerate certain complex problems, such as factoring problems and discrete logarithms, which are important foundations of traditional computer security. With the rapid development of quantum computers, some secure communication protocols based on certain mathematical problems will face a significant danger, and quantum properties can be used to construct quantum secure communication and quantum cryptography that can achieve unconditional security. Among many topics of quantum cryptography, quantum secret sharing (QSS) is an important and challenging issue that provides scenarios to store highly sensitive, important, and confidential information. In this article, we systematically illustrate the development of QSS and how it operates, as well as its challenging issues and future directions.
A novel quantum secret sharing (QSS) scheme is proposed on the basis of Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT). In the scheme, the classical messages are mapped to secret sequences according to CRT equations, and distributed to different receivers by different dimensional superdense-coding respectively. CRT's secret sharing function, together with high-dimensional superdense-coding, provide convenience, security, and large capability quantum channel for secret distribution and recovering. Analysis shows the security of the scheme.
Abstract At present, most quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocols are more or less designed with the incorporation of classical secret sharing schemes. With the increasing maturity of quantum technology, QSS protocols based on pure quantum mechanics are becoming more important. Classical secret sharing schemes cannot achieve absolute security, and their involvement can compromise the security of QSS protocols. This paper proposes a QSS scheme based on Greenberger–Horn–Zeilinger (GHZ) basis measurement and quantum entanglement exchange. In this protocol, the secret sender stores the secret information using Pauli operations. Participants obtain their shares by measuring the product state sequentially. Finally, participants complete the secret reconstruction through quantum entanglement exchange and other related quantum operations. In addition, the particles held by participants in the protocol do not contain any secret information. Each participant’s particles are in a state of maximum entanglement, and no participant can deduce the particle information of other participants through their own particles. At the same time, the protocol is based on pure quantum mechanics and does not involve classical schemes, which avoids the problem of reduced security of the protocol. Security analysis indicates that the protocol is not vulnerable to retransmission interception and collusion attacks. Moreover, it is capable of detecting and terminating the protocol promptly when facing with attacks from dishonest participants.