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AIP eBooks

Quantum limits to the second law : first international conference on quantum limits to the second law, San Diego, California 28-31 July 2002

Daniel P. Sheehan

Published Jan 1, 2002• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The Second Law of Thermodynamics (the law of increasing disorder) is fundamental to all the sciences and is considered inviolable by the general scientific community. This volume represents the first book in an emerging renaissance of second law studies. It covers the first international conference in more than 100 years - and perhaps, ever - to explore challenges to the second law's absolute status and to many unresolved foundational issues surrounding it. These collected papers represent work by more than 100 researchers from over 25 countries, many of whom are prominent in the fields of classical and quantum statistical thermodynamics. Much of the research is original and, if verified by the scientific community, could lead to paradigm shifts in physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering.

Related papers

Quantum Limits to the Second Law

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The Second Law of Thermodynamics (the law of "increasing disorder") is fundamental to all the sciences and is considered inviolable by the general scientific community.[...]

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Quantum Statistical Mechanics

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Many-body theory stands at the foundation of modern quantum statistical mechanics. It is introduced here to graduate students in physics, chemistry, engineering and biology. The book provides a contemporary understanding of irreversibility, particularly in quantum systems. It explains entropy production in quantum kinetic theory and in the master equation formulation of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. The first half of the book focuses on the foundations of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics with emphasis on quantum mechanics. The second half of the book contains alternative views of quantum statistical mechanics, and topics of current interest for advanced graduate level study and research. Unique to textbooks on this subject, this book contains a discussion of the fundamental Gleason theorem. Quantum entanglements are treated in application to quantum computation and the difficulties arising from decoherence. The relativistic generalization of the Boltzmann equation is derived, and modern transport applications to reservoir ballistic transport are developed.

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Since the days of Boltzmann the foundation of thermodynamics has been subject to an ongoing discussion. Various problems like the precise definition of entropy, the origin of the second law, etc. have always been issues. For a long time the discussion has not been in the center of interest, for statistical physics work extremely well from a practical point of view. But now, as research deals with single small objects like molecules or atoms, the question arises whether or not thermodynamics are applicable to them, which leads back to the old question of the foundation of thermodynamics. We examine whether thermodynamics can be viewed as emerging from Schrödinger-type quantum dynamics. Therefore we partially transfer concepts of thermodynamical behavior in Gamma-space to the Hilbertspace of compound systems. Central roles play the local Von Neumann entropy of a system and the inevitability of entanglement with its environment, causing it to increase.

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The Second Law and Quantum Physics

Charles H. Bennett, Gian Paolo Beretta, Ahmed F. Ghoniem +1 more

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International Conference on Quantum Science and Applications (ICQSA-2016)

Abdullah Algin, Md Sadik Hassan Arik, Alexandre M. Gavrilik

This special volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series is dedicated to the proceedings of "International Conference on Quantum Science and Applications (ICQSA-2016)". The conference was organized by the Centre for Quantum Research and Applications at Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey. It was held in Eskisehir Osmangazi University Congress and Culture Centre during May 25-27, 2016 http://icqsa2016.ogu.edu.tr . It gathered actively 143 participants from different disciplines in natural and applied sciences coming from 16 different countries from all over the word. It was the first international conference in its content on the scientific research fields of quantum science and applications in Turkey. It also consisted of 12 plenary lectures and 119 contributed oral presentations covering interdisciplinary fields of research. The ICQSA-2016 conference focused on recent modern theoretical and experimental developments of quantum science in multi-disciplinary aspects of areas of mathematics, physics, statistics, chemistry, biology, computer science, electronics, informatics, medicine, education, etc. It served as an interaction platform for students, researchers, public, and private sector delegates for sharing new scientific and technological ideas on quantum applications in science and technology. The topics of the conference were: Quantum theory and quantum computing, quantum information theory and its applications, quantum statistics and its applications, quantum thermodynamics, quantum cryptography, classical and quantum symmetries, quantum calculus in science, engineering, medicine, education, etc., classical and quantum integrable systems, modeling and numerical methods in quantum systems, other modern mathematical methods in science and technology. Each of the submitted papers for this special volume of the proceedings of ICQSA-2016 has been reviewed by external referees. There are 36 accepted papers. Besides, it is worth pointing out that a great deal of interest shown by the participants of the ICQSA-2016 conference gives hope for the continuation of this meeting in the following years. The conference organization was sponsored by Eskisehir Osmangazi University (ESOGU), Eskisehir Tepebasi Municipality, the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the project number 113F226. Other supporters of this organization were: Eskisehir Metropolitan Municipality, Eskisehir Governorship Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism, Pegem Academy Publishing Company. In addition, this special volume is supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the project number 113F226. Finally, our special thanks go to the Scientific and Organizing Committee members, to the sponsors and supporters, and to all of the participants. We hope this special volume will provide a useful resource for students, experts, and other participants, who are interested in interdisciplinary fields of quantum science and applications.

Journal of Physics Conference Series•Oct 1, 2016•0 citations

The role of reversibility in quantum thermodynamics and the foundations of quantum theory

Jonathan G. Richens

The first half of this thesis is dedicated to the study of generalizations of probability theory which include quantum theory and many of its alternatives. This research program seeks to understand quantum theory by exploring it ‘from the outside’, where it sits within a landscape of all operationally defined theories. We approach this problem with a new perspective: generalized decoherence. Quantum theory recovers classical theory via decoherence, where a ‘classical limit’ is achieved by a quantum system interacting with its environment, losing its quantum coherence. Typically it is the emergence of the classical world from the quantum that is studied. We reverse this paradigm and ask - how does the existence of a classical limit define the structure of quantum theory, or any other post-classical theory? We derive the existence of entangled states as a necessary feature of any theory that allows for the emergence of the classical world in this way. We then use our framework for generalized decoherence to explore the properties of theories that can ‘hyperdecohere’ to quantum theory. We find that any such theory must be very exotic compared to quantum theory, violating either the postulate of tomographic locality, reversibility, causality or purity. In the second half of this thesis we turn our attention to the second law of thermodynamics. We present a framework for deriving the second law under general constraints and explore two pertinent examples, constraining the fluctuations in work and constraining the size of the thermal bath and deriving the second law in these cases. Bounding fluctuations results in a unified free energy that contains the single-shot and Helmholtz free energies as limiting cases. Bounding the size of the thermal bath results in a finite-bath second law that is more general that previous attempts and draws connections between non-asymptotic thermodynamics and second-order information theory.

•Nov 1, 2018•0 citations
The Second Law of Thermodynamics (the law of increasing disorder) is fundamental to all the sciences and is considered inviolable by the general scientific community. This volume represents the first book in an emerging renaissance of second law studies. It covers the first international conference in more than 100 years - and perhaps, ever - to explore challenges to the second law's absolute status and to many unresolved foundational issues surrounding it. These collected papers represent work by more than 100 researchers from over 25 countries, many of whom are prominent in the fields of classical and quantum statistical thermodynamics. Much of the research is original and, if verified by the scientific community, could lead to paradigm shifts in physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering.
Many-body theory stands at the foundation of modern quantum statistical mechanics. It is introduced here to graduate students in physics, chemistry, engineering and biology. The book provides a contemporary understanding of irreversibility, particularly in quantum systems. It explains entropy production in quantum kinetic theory and in the master equation formulation of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. The first half of the book focuses on the foundations of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics with emphasis on quantum mechanics. The second half of the book contains alternative views of quantum statistical mechanics, and topics of current interest for advanced graduate level study and research. Unique to textbooks on this subject, this book contains a discussion of the fundamental Gleason theorem. Quantum entanglements are treated in application to quantum computation and the difficulties arising from decoherence. The relativistic generalization of the Boltzmann equation is derived, and modern transport applications to reservoir ballistic transport are developed.
Since the days of Boltzmann the foundation of thermodynamics has been subject to an ongoing discussion. Various problems like the precise definition of entropy, the origin of the second law, etc. have always been issues. For a long time the discussion has not been in the center of interest, for statistical physics work extremely well from a practical point of view. But now, as research deals with single small objects like molecules or atoms, the question arises whether or not thermodynamics are applicable to them, which leads back to the old question of the foundation of thermodynamics. We examine whether thermodynamics can be viewed as emerging from Schrödinger-type quantum dynamics. Therefore we partially transfer concepts of thermodynamical behavior in Gamma-space to the Hilbertspace of compound systems. Central roles play the local Von Neumann entropy of a system and the inevitability of entanglement with its environment, causing it to increase.
In this talk, I discuss the mystery of the second law and its relation to quantum information. There are many explanations of the second law, mostly satisfactory and not mutually exclusive. Here, I advocate quantum mechanics and quantum information as something that, through entanglement, helps resolve the paradox or the puzzle of the origin of the second law. I will discuss the interpretation called quantum Darwinism and how it helps explain why our world seems so classical, and what it has to say about the permanence or transience of information. And I will discuss a simple model illustrating why systems away from thermal equilibrium tend to be more complicated.
This special volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series is dedicated to the proceedings of "International Conference on Quantum Science and Applications (ICQSA-2016)". The conference was organized by the Centre for Quantum Research and Applications at Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey. It was held in Eskisehir Osmangazi University Congress and Culture Centre during May 25-27, 2016 http://icqsa2016.ogu.edu.tr . It gathered actively 143 participants from different disciplines in natural and applied sciences coming from 16 different countries from all over the word. It was the first international conference in its content on the scientific research fields of quantum science and applications in Turkey. It also consisted of 12 plenary lectures and 119 contributed oral presentations covering interdisciplinary fields of research. The ICQSA-2016 conference focused on recent modern theoretical and experimental developments of quantum science in multi-disciplinary aspects of areas of mathematics, physics, statistics, chemistry, biology, computer science, electronics, informatics, medicine, education, etc. It served as an interaction platform for students, researchers, public, and private sector delegates for sharing new scientific and technological ideas on quantum applications in science and technology. The topics of the conference were: Quantum theory and quantum computing, quantum information theory and its applications, quantum statistics and its applications, quantum thermodynamics, quantum cryptography, classical and quantum symmetries, quantum calculus in science, engineering, medicine, education, etc., classical and quantum integrable systems, modeling and numerical methods in quantum systems, other modern mathematical methods in science and technology. Each of the submitted papers for this special volume of the proceedings of ICQSA-2016 has been reviewed by external referees. There are 36 accepted papers. Besides, it is worth pointing out that a great deal of interest shown by the participants of the ICQSA-2016 conference gives hope for the continuation of this meeting in the following years. The conference organization was sponsored by Eskisehir Osmangazi University (ESOGU), Eskisehir Tepebasi Municipality, the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the project number 113F226. Other supporters of this organization were: Eskisehir Metropolitan Municipality, Eskisehir Governorship Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism, Pegem Academy Publishing Company. In addition, this special volume is supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the project number 113F226. Finally, our special thanks go to the Scientific and Organizing Committee members, to the sponsors and supporters, and to all of the participants. We hope this special volume will provide a useful resource for students, experts, and other participants, who are interested in interdisciplinary fields of quantum science and applications.
The first half of this thesis is dedicated to the study of generalizations of probability theory which include quantum theory and many of its alternatives. This research program seeks to understand quantum theory by exploring it ‘from the outside’, where it sits within a landscape of all operationally defined theories. We approach this problem with a new perspective: generalized decoherence. Quantum theory recovers classical theory via decoherence, where a ‘classical limit’ is achieved by a quantum system interacting with its environment, losing its quantum coherence. Typically it is the emergence of the classical world from the quantum that is studied. We reverse this paradigm and ask - how does the existence of a classical limit define the structure of quantum theory, or any other post-classical theory? We derive the existence of entangled states as a necessary feature of any theory that allows for the emergence of the classical world in this way. We then use our framework for generalized decoherence to explore the properties of theories that can ‘hyperdecohere’ to quantum theory. We find that any such theory must be very exotic compared to quantum theory, violating either the postulate of tomographic locality, reversibility, causality or purity. In the second half of this thesis we turn our attention to the second law of thermodynamics. We present a framework for deriving the second law under general constraints and explore two pertinent examples, constraining the fluctuations in work and constraining the size of the thermal bath and deriving the second law in these cases. Bounding fluctuations results in a unified free energy that contains the single-shot and Helmholtz free energies as limiting cases. Bounding the size of the thermal bath results in a finite-bath second law that is more general that previous attempts and draws connections between non-asymptotic thermodynamics and second-order information theory.