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Acta Physica Sinica (Overseas Edition)

Photon statistics of the micromaser with ultra cold Λ-type three-level atoms

Zhang Zhi-ming, LI Xian-feng, Zhou Shi-kang

Published Aug 1, 1999• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have established the master equation for the micromaser with the ultra-cold Λ-type three-level atoms and studied the photon statistics of the micromaser field. We find that as the atoms become colder, the change of the mean photon-number and the normalized standard deviation become more regular, and their resonance peaks become sharper. For zero-temperature cavity, there are some regions in which the photon statistics are sub-Poissonian. With the increase of the cavity temperature, both the mean photon-number and the normalized standard deviation increase. When the cavity temperature is high enough, the sub-Poissonian property may disappear.

DOI
10.1088/1004-423x/8/8/003

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We have established the master equation for the micromaser with the ultra-cold Λ-type three-level atoms and studied the photon statistics of the micromaser field. We find that as the atoms become colder, the change of the mean photon-number and the normalized standard deviation become more regular, and their resonance peaks become sharper. For zero-temperature cavity, there are some regions in which the photon statistics are sub-Poissonian. With the increase of the cavity temperature, both the mean photon-number and the normalized standard deviation increase. When the cavity temperature is high enough, the sub-Poissonian property may disappear.
The effects of the atomic coherence on the photon statistics of the micromaser injected with ultra-cold V-type three-level atoms are studied.In the plot of the atomic emission probability versus the cavity length, there are resonance peaks and non-resonance platforms, which can be adjusted by the atomic coherence parameters.These features of emission probability affect the properties of photon statistics directly. In the plot of the mean number of photons versus the cavity length, there are resonance peaks and non-resonance platforms,too. Given a cavity length, with the change of the atomic coherence parameters, the distribution of photon numbers can move towards the large or small photon numbers, and the mean number of photons increases or decreases accordingly.We also find, with appropriate atomic coherence parameters, that the photon statistics are sub-Poissonian in large region of the cavity length.
We have established the master equation for the micromaser with a Kerr medium. We have studied the photon statistics of the micromaser with a Kerr medium field and analysed the influence of the Kerr effect on the photon statistics. The influence of the Kerr effect on the photon statistics is different in two regimes. In the thermal-atom regime, the Kerr effect produces quantum noise and decreases the mean photon number. In the ultracold-atom regime, with the increase of the nonlinear parameter of the Kerr medium, the stability of the mean photon number and the normalized variance enhances the mean photon number and the normalized variance exhibits collapse-revival phenomena periodically, their resonance peaks become lower and the photon statistics of more and more regions are sub-Poissonian.
We have established the master equation for the micromaser with a Kerr medium,we have studied the photon statics of the micromaser with a Kerr medium field and analysed the influence of the Kerr effect on the photon statistics,The influence of the Kerr effect on the photon statistics is different in two regimes,In the thermal-atom regime,the Kerr effect produces quantum noise,and decreases the mean photon number.In the ultracold-atom regime,with the increase of the nonlinear parameter of the Kerr medium,the stability of the mean photon number and the normalized variance enhances the mean photon number,and the normalized variance exhibits collapse-revival phenomena periodically,their resonance peaks become lower,and the photon statistics of more and more regions are sub-Poissonian.
Quantum interference effects are theoretically investigated in the steady-state photon statistics of single-mode Λ- and V-type micromasers with injected three-level atoms in a superposition of their internal states. The two lower (upper) levels are nondegenerate and coherent in a general case. For the Λ-type case, we have discussed how detunings affect the photon statistics of the noninversion micromaser. Under the proper conditions strongly sub-Poissonian field states with a large number of photons can be easily produced in this novel micromaser even if there exists no coherence between the two lower levels. For the V-type case, we have analysed how the photon statistics changes with the increase of the ground-state population. Although the generation of the strongly sub-Poissonian states is always possible in the micromaser under the noninversion case, their photon intensities become very weak compared to the Λ-type case. Our results indicate that it is perfectly possible to experimentally realize a noninversion micromaser with strongly sub-Poissonian statistics in the Λ-type system.
We present the quantum theory of the two-mode micromaser operating on \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type three-level atoms. The explicit expression of the detailed-balance steady-state photon distribution is derived. The photon statistics and the correlation between the modes are studied. It is shown that due to the strong anticorrelation between the modes the fluctuations in the total number of photons may be sub-Poissonian even when the fluctuations in the number of photons in each mode are super-Poissonian.
The statistics of the beam of excited atoms that pumps a micromaser influence the photon number distribution of the cavity field. Of the cases studied so far, regular injection statistics minimize the number fluctuations and Poisson statistics maximize them. Here we extend these studies in two directions. Previous master equations describing sub-Poissonian injection statistics were derived by using standard reservoir theory. Recently, corrections to these equations have been found that involve the commutator of the gain and loss operators. Describing the system by a discrete map, we can avoid the approximations inherent in reservoir theory. The results are compared to those of the master equation. Differences are found to be small for large photon number but increasingly important for decreasing photon number and pump beam intensity, indicating the breakdown of reservoir theory in this regime. We give an approximate expression for the photon number distribution for weak damping and discuss its connection with semiclassical theory. Finally, we generalize our treatment for super-Poissonian pump fluctuations.