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Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics

On single-mode - and V-type micromasers: quantum interference versus photon statistics

Si-de Du, Yoshitaka Tanimura

Published Oct 18, 2002• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum interference effects are theoretically investigated in the steady-state photon statistics of single-mode Λ- and V-type micromasers with injected three-level atoms in a superposition of their internal states. The two lower (upper) levels are nondegenerate and coherent in a general case. For the Λ-type case, we have discussed how detunings affect the photon statistics of the noninversion micromaser. Under the proper conditions strongly sub-Poissonian field states with a large number of photons can be easily produced in this novel micromaser even if there exists no coherence between the two lower levels. For the V-type case, we have analysed how the photon statistics changes with the increase of the ground-state population. Although the generation of the strongly sub-Poissonian states is always possible in the micromaser under the noninversion case, their photon intensities become very weak compared to the Λ-type case. Our results indicate that it is perfectly possible to experimentally realize a noninversion micromaser with strongly sub-Poissonian statistics in the Λ-type system.

DOI
10.1088/1464-4266/4/6/306

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Quantum interference effects are theoretically investigated in the steady-state photon statistics of single-mode Λ- and V-type micromasers with injected three-level atoms in a superposition of their internal states. The two lower (upper) levels are nondegenerate and coherent in a general case. For the Λ-type case, we have discussed how detunings affect the photon statistics of the noninversion micromaser. Under the proper conditions strongly sub-Poissonian field states with a large number of photons can be easily produced in this novel micromaser even if there exists no coherence between the two lower levels. For the V-type case, we have analysed how the photon statistics changes with the increase of the ground-state population. Although the generation of the strongly sub-Poissonian states is always possible in the micromaser under the noninversion case, their photon intensities become very weak compared to the Λ-type case. Our results indicate that it is perfectly possible to experimentally realize a noninversion micromaser with strongly sub-Poissonian statistics in the Λ-type system.
We derive the master equations for the fields in the one-mode \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type micromaser and laser with injected atoms in a superposition of their states. In terms of effective parameters, these equations are equivalent to those for a two-level micromaser and laser. The interference terms in the master equations may cancel the absorption terms independent of statistical properties of the field. Due to the atomic coherence between the two degenerate lower levels, the generation of field states with sub-Poissonian photon statistics is possible in the micromaser without the need for a population inversion. If an equivalent level system is used in a laser operating without population inversion it can produce field states with Poisson distributions of the photon number.
We present the quantum theory of the two-mode micromaser operating on \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type three-level atoms. The explicit expression of the detailed-balance steady-state photon distribution is derived. The photon statistics and the correlation between the modes are studied. It is shown that due to the strong anticorrelation between the modes the fluctuations in the total number of photons may be sub-Poissonian even when the fluctuations in the number of photons in each mode are super-Poissonian.
The effects of the atomic coherence on the photon statistics of the micromaser injected with ultra-cold V-type three-level atoms are studied.In the plot of the atomic emission probability versus the cavity length, there are resonance peaks and non-resonance platforms, which can be adjusted by the atomic coherence parameters.These features of emission probability affect the properties of photon statistics directly. In the plot of the mean number of photons versus the cavity length, there are resonance peaks and non-resonance platforms,too. Given a cavity length, with the change of the atomic coherence parameters, the distribution of photon numbers can move towards the large or small photon numbers, and the mean number of photons increases or decreases accordingly.We also find, with appropriate atomic coherence parameters, that the photon statistics are sub-Poissonian in large region of the cavity length.
We have established the master equation for the micromaser with the ultra-cold Λ-type three-level atoms and studied the photon statistics of the micromaser field. We find that as the atoms become colder, the change of the mean photon-number and the normalized standard deviation become more regular, and their resonance peaks become sharper. For zero-temperature cavity, there are some regions in which the photon statistics are sub-Poissonian. With the increase of the cavity temperature, both the mean photon-number and the normalized standard deviation increase. When the cavity temperature is high enough, the sub-Poissonian property may disappear.
The authors develop the theory of the degenerate and nondegenerate two-photon micromaser using the full, three-level Hamiltonian under conditions of overall two-photon resonance. Subject to this condition, their results are valid for arbitrary one-photon detunings, but they consider in particular the large detuning and zero detuning limits, where some simplification is possible. For the case of zero detuning, they obtain semianalytic solutions, and find that, depending upon the interaction time, the system lases as either a single-mode or a two-mode system. They have compared their results with the degenerate two-photon micromaser, and find qualitative differences. Their results are valid for arbitrary one-photon detunings, provided the interaction times are not too long. The solution to the Fokker-Planck equation is found using a detailed balance, linearization procedure, and the photon statistics is investigated. Markedly sub-Poissonian behaviour is possible under certain conditions. They find that the behaviour in the zero detuning, nondegenerate situation is quite distinct to that of all other cases.
We have investigated the steady-state cavity-field properties of a single-mode two-photon micromaser when the atoms in a cascade three-level configuration are initially prepared in a mixture of the upper and intermediate states. The mean photon number, trapping state and sub-Poissonian effect are discussed with upper (intermediate)-state population changing from 1(0) to 0(1). These properties are very different from those in a pure two- or one-photon transition process, due to the competition among different transition processes. In particular, the trapping states of nonzero photons are discovered in this system under some conditions, which is contrary to the previous findings.