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Physical Review A

Investigating dual-microwave-dressed atomic spectra in a five-level scheme based on Rydberg atoms

Qing Liu, Weimin Ruan, Jinbo Yuan, Shunyuan Zheng, He Wang, Jie Zhang, Zhenfei Song, Jifeng Qu

Published Dec 3, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1103/pngw-5j8b

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We present a spectroscopic study of cesium Rydberg atoms confined in a vapor cell and driven by dual microwave fields. The primary microwave field drives the 63D 5/2 -64P 3/2 transition at 2.758 GHz, generating an Autler-Townes-modulated heterodyne spectrum. A secondary microwave field, tuned near the 63D 5/2 -61F 7/2 transition at approximately 12.7 GHz, is applied to systematically investigate the effect of an additional resonant coupling channel on the Rydberg spectral response. By recording the optical spectra as functions of the strength and detuning of the secondary microwave field, we observe a field-dependent spectral shift, an optical background offset, and a redistribution of the microwave-to-optical conversion gain. Notably, we quantitatively characterize the conversion gain itself, which has not been the focus of previous Rydberg heterodyne studies. The dynamic spectral response associated with the 2.758 GHz transition remains discernible across the explored perturbation range, albeit with a gradual reduction in conversion gain as the perturbing field strength increases. The main experimental spectral features are well reproduced by wave-packet evolution calculations that incorporate both microwave couplings. These findings elucidate the role of resonant microwave perturbations in Rydberg EIT/AT spectroscopy and provide practical guidance for interpreting microwave-dressed atomic spectra in complex electromagnetic environments.
We examine spectral signatures of Rydberg atoms driven with near-resonant dual-tone radio-frequency (RF) fields in the regime of strong driving. We experimentally demonstrate and theoretically model a variety of nonlinear and multiphoton phenomena in the atomic Rydberg response that manifest in the EIT spectra. Our results echo previous studies of two-level atoms driven with bichromatic optical fields. In comparison to the optical studies, the RF-driven Rydberg system utilizes a more complex excitation pathway, and electromagnetic fields from two different spectral regimes: a two-photon optical excitation continuously creates highly excited Rydberg atoms, while RF fields drive resonant coupling between the Rydberg levels and generate strong mixing. Yet, our spectra reflect nearly identical effects of the dual-tone RF fields on the atomic Rydberg observables, showing detuning-dependent splittings and Rabi frequency dependent peak numbers and relative strengths, and avoided crossings at subharmonic resonances. We thus validate previous two-state models in this more complex physical system. In the context of Rydberg electrometry, we use these investigations to explore a technique where we tune a known RF field to observe spectra which give frequency and power of an unknown RF field using the complex dual-tone spectra.