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Laser Physics Letters

Improvement of microwave electric field measurement sensitivity via dual-microwave-dressed electromagnetically induced transparency in Rydberg atoms

Jinpeng Yuan, Ting Jin, Lirong Wang, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia

Published Nov 15, 2022• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We present a mechanism for improving the sensitivity of microwave (MW) electric field (E-field) measurement using dual-MW-dressed electromagnetically induced transparency in a 5 S 1/2 –5 P 3/2 –56 D 5/2 –57 P 3/2 85 Rb atomic coherent system. An auxiliary MW (A-MW) field is introduced into the MW E-field measurement system, which consists of a probe, coupling lasers, and a target MW (T-MW) field. When the A-MW field frequency is tuned to be the same as the T-MW field and its power is adjusted to a suitable range, the T-MW field strength can be read out effectively. Finally, the sensitivity of MW E-field measurement is improved by about two orders of magnitude compared to that without an A-MW field. In addition, this mechanism is proven to be applicable for all frequency bands covered by Rydberg energy levels. This work opens up a novel pathway for the realization of high-sensitivity MW E-field measurement with Rydberg atoms.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/ac9f34

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Abstract We present a mechanism for improving the sensitivity of microwave (MW) electric field (E-field) measurement using dual-MW-dressed electromagnetically induced transparency in a 5 S 1/2 –5 P 3/2 –56 D 5/2 –57 P 3/2 85 Rb atomic coherent system. An auxiliary MW (A-MW) field is introduced into the MW E-field measurement system, which consists of a probe, coupling lasers, and a target MW (T-MW) field. When the A-MW field frequency is tuned to be the same as the T-MW field and its power is adjusted to a suitable range, the T-MW field strength can be read out effectively. Finally, the sensitivity of MW E-field measurement is improved by about two orders of magnitude compared to that without an A-MW field. In addition, this mechanism is proven to be applicable for all frequency bands covered by Rydberg energy levels. This work opens up a novel pathway for the realization of high-sensitivity MW E-field measurement with Rydberg atoms.
Abstract A scheme for measuring microwave (MW) electric (E) fields is proposed based on bichromatic electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Rydberg atoms. A bichromatic control field drives the excited state transition, whose absorption shows three EIT windows. When a MW field drives the Rydberg transition, the EIT windows split and six transmission peaks appear. It is interesting to find that the peak-to-peak distance of transmission spectrum is sensitive to the MW field strength, which can be used to measure MW E-field. Simulation results show that the measurement accuracy could be increased by about 4 times, and the minimum detectable strength of the MW E-field may be improved by about 3 times compared with the common EIT scheme. After the Doppler averaging, the minimum detectable MW E-field strength is about 5 times larger than that without Doppler effect. Also, we investigate other effects on the sensitivity of the system.
Abstract Quantum electrometric sensing properties of a four-level system are theoretically investigated for microwave (MW) field measurement in thermal Rydberg atoms. In the considered system, the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is invoked to study the impact of microwave (MW) field strength on its optical response. The amplitude of the MW electric field is obtained directly by measuring the height and frequency of EIT peaks. Further, for MW frequency measurement, the probe spectra are examined for red and blue MW detuned cases. It is found that the responsiveness of 133Cs for MW electric field as well as frequency is relatively higher than 87Rb. The overall sensitivity of both these atoms can be enhanced by the convenient setting of the system and field parameters.
We demonstrate the use of an auxiliary microwave field to extend the bandwidth sensitivity of Rydberg-atom-based microwave electrometry. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting in Rydberg atom microwave electrometry provide advantageous sensitivity for the resonant detection of microwave (MW) fields because the Stark shift of the target Rydberg state takes the linear form of AT splitting. However, the sensitivity is reduced by several orders of magnitude for detuned MW fields because the Stark shift of the target Rydberg state depends on a weak nonlinear effect. We show that the auxiliary microwave field with appropriate Rabi frequency or detuning could shift the atomic energy levels to bring a particular Rydberg-Rydberg transition of interest for microwave sensing into resonance with the target microwave field. Using the atomic superheterodyne method, we verified the general method that regulates Rydberg energy levels using an auxiliary microwave field. The experimental results of this study confirm that this technique works efficiently for detecting microwave fields detuned by up to 100 MHz from resonance with the field-free Rydberg-Rydberg transition used for sensing. The measurement sensitivity of the detuned target field is increased by a factor of 10 compared with that achieved without the application of the auxiliary dressing field.
We report a scheme for enhancing microwave electric field measurement by cavity-assisted Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency in the 87Rb coherent atomic system. The vacuum Rabi splitting appears when the probe field is strongly coupled with intracavity atoms. The cavity-assisted electromagnetically induced transparency with dual-peak profile is observed as a strong coupling laser is further introduced into the optical ring cavity. The optimal atomic density, resulting in an appropriate vacuum Rabi splitting interval and cavity-assisted electromagnetically induced transparency amplitude, is determined for the coupling effect criterion of the probe field and intracavity atoms. Finally, the cavity-assisted electromagnetically induced transparency is employed to accurately measure the microwave electric field strength, and a measurement sensitivity factor of about 2 is improved owing to an enhanced photon–atom interaction. This study is beneficial for the development of compact, broadband, and self-calibrating microwave receivers.
An enhanced measurement of the microwave electric (MW E) field by using intracavity Rydberg atoms is proposed. Based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), the intracavity atomic system exhibits two EIT windows, resulting in two narrow peaks in the cavity transmission. The peak-to-peak distance is sensitive to MW fields and can be used to probe MW E-field strength. Simulation results show that the detectable minimum strength of the MW fields is nearly eight times smaller than that without a cavity. Due to cavity coupling, the transmission spectrum is greatly narrowed, which improves the measurement resolution substantially. The numerical results show that the spectrum resolution is increased by more than 20 times. Furthermore, the cavity-enhanced measurement scheme seems to be robust against the changes in the control field strength and shows a broadband tunability.
A scheme for the measurement of a microwave (MW) electric field is proposed via multi-photon coherence in Rydberg atoms. It is based on the three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption (TPEIA) spectrum. In this process, the multi-photon produces a narrow absorption peak, which has a larger magnitude than the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) peak under the same conditions. The TPEIA peak is sensitive to MW fields, and can be used to measure MW electric field strength. We found that the magnitude of TPEIA peaks shows a linear relationship with the MW field strength. The simulation results show that the minimum detectable strength of the MW fields is about 1/10 of that based on an common EIT effect, and the probe sensitivity could be improved by about four times. Furthermore, the MW sensing based on three-photon coherence seems to be robust against the changes in the control field and shows a broad tunability, and the scheme may be useful for designing novel MW sensing devices.