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Quantum characteristics of a nondegenerate three-level laser with NDPA pumped by electron bombardment

Aliyyi Adem

Published Oct 25, 2025• 0 citations

Abstract

This study investigates the entanglement and squeezing characteristics of light generated by a non-degenerate, three-level laser with a non-degenerate parametric amplifier, which is pumped by electron bombardment to the top level and coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoir through a single-port mirror. By normal ordering the noise operators, we simplified the calculations and derived the evolution equations for the atomic operators using the master equation. From the steady-state solutions, we determined the average of the photon number, the quadrature variance of radiation, entanglement, the normalized second-order correlation of the cavity radiation, and fluctuations in intensity difference. Our findings indicate that higher spontaneous emission rates significantly decrease the average photon number, while the amplitude of the pumping mode interacting with the parametric amplifier ( ɛ ) increases it. Enhanced squeezing is observed with increasing ( ɛ ), reaching a peak at ɛ = 0 . 02 ( 78 . 5 % ) . Moreover, spontaneous emission enhances squeezing for some interval of r a . A direct correlation between quadrature squeezing and entanglement is found, with greater quadrature squeezing associated with increased entanglement. This research offers potential advancements in quantum technologies, such as quantum communication, computing, and sensing, where controlled squeezing and entanglement are crucial for improving performance.

DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100337

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