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Iranian Journal of Physics Research

Entanglement amplification by three-level laser coupled to vacuum reservoir

Menisha Alemu, Tolessa, Fekadu, Birke Alemu

Published Dec 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we have studied the squeezing and entanglement properties of the cavity light generated by a three-level laser. In this quantum optical system, N three-level atoms available in an open cavity, coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoir, are pumped to the top level by means of electron bombardment at constant rate. Applying the solutions of the equations of evolution for the expectation values of the atomic operators and the quantum Langevin equations for the cavity mode operators, we have calculated the mean, variance of the photon number, the quadrature squeezing, entanglement amplification as well as the normalized second-order correlation function for the cavity light. In addition, we have shown that the presence of the spontaneous emission process leads to a decrease in the mean and variance of the photon number. We have observed that the two-mode cavity light is in a squeezed state and the squeezing occurs in the minus quadrature. In addition, we have found that the effect of the vacuum reservoir noise is to increase the photon-number variance and to decrease the quadrature squeezing of the cavity light. However, the vacuum reservoir noise does not have any effect on the mean photon number. Moreover, the maximum quadrature squeezing of the light generated by the laser, operating far below threshold, is found to be below the vacuum-state level. In addition, our result indicates that the quadrature squeezing is greater for than that for for 0.01 < < 0.35 and is smaller for than that for for 0.35 < < 1. We have also noted that the squeezing and entanglement in the two-mode light are directly related. As a result, an increase in the degree of squeezing directly leads to an increase in the degree of entanglement and vice versa. This shows that, whenever there is squeezing in the two-mode light, there exists an entanglement in the system.

DOI
10.47176/ijpr.23.3.31660

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In this paper we have studied the statistical and squeezing properties of the cavity light generated by a three-level laser. In this quantum optical system, N three-level atoms available in an open cavity, coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoir, are pumped to the top level by means of electron bombardment at constant rate. We have considered the case in which the three-level atoms and the cavity modes interact with the two-mode vacuum reservoir. Applying the solutions of the equations of evolution for the expectation values of the atomic operators and the quantum Langevin equations for the cavity mode operators, we have calculated the mean and variance of the photon number as well as the quadrature squeezing for the cavity light. In addition, we have shown that the presence of the spontaneous emission process leads to a decrease in the mean and variance of the photon number. We have observed that the two-mode cavity light is in a squeezed state and the squeezing occurs in the minus quadrature. In addition, we have found that the effect of the vacuum reservoir noise is to increase the photon-number variance and to decrease the quadrature squeezing of the cavity light. However, the vacuum reservoir noise does not have any effect on the mean photon number. Moreover, the maximum quadrature squeezing of the light generated by the laser, operating far below threshold, is found to be 37.5% below the vacuum-state level. In addition, our result indicates that the quadrature squeezing is greater for γ=0 than that for γ=0.4 for 0.01 < ra < 0.35 and is smaller for γ=0 than that for γ=0.4 for 0.35 < ra < 1.
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We have studied the squeezing and entanglement properties of the light induced by a three-level laser coupled to the squeezed vacuum reservoir. Applying the pertinent master equation, we have obtained the evolution equations for the cavity mode variables. Using the solutions of the resulting equations, the squeezing properties, entanglement amplification, and the normalized second-order correlation function of the cavity radiation are described. We have seen that the light generated by a three-level laser is in a squeezed state, and the squeezing occurs in the plus quadrature. In addition, we have also established that the effect of the squeezed parameter increases the mean and variance of the photon number. It is found that the squeezing and entanglement in the two-mode light are directly related. As a result, an increase in the degree of squeezing directly leads to an increase in the degree of entanglement and vice versa. This shows that, whenever there is squeezing in the two-mode light, there exists an entanglement in the system.
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