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Optics Communications

Direct conversion from double-resonance optical pumping to three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption: Observations and intensity relationships

Ziyi Wu, Xiang-an Yan, Dandan Zhang, Chenjie Wang, Liu Yang, Jiale Song, Kang Zhou, Xiaoxiang Han

Published Oct 21, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132568

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Atomic coherence resonances such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) signals are observed in a Doppler broadened multi-level system for the D 2 line of 85 Rb atoms in a vapour cell considering different types of atom–laser coupling schemes. Besides the coherence resonances, the nonlinear resonances like velocity selective optical pumping (VSOP) dips and velocity selective resonances (VSR) are also observed for the non-zero velocity selective groups of atoms. In the presence of pump, control and probe laser fields, we observe two EIT signals in a double Λ-type system and two EIA signals in a double V -type system. We are able to see the EIA signal for the non-zero velocity group of atoms when the pump laser is locked with an open transition by a small red detuning. We also report the experimental observation of simultaneous EIT and EIA signals in a (Λ+ V )-type system. The effect of frequency tuning of the control laser is also studied in the presence of the frequency locked pump laser. A simple theoretical analysis explains the experimental results.
We have investigated the optical pumping effects of single-resonance optical pumping (SROP) and double-resonance optical pumping (DROP) in the ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of the 5S1/2–5P3/2–5D3/2 transition of 87Rb atoms. In the 5S1/2(F = 2)–5P3/2(F' = 3)–5D3/2(F'' = 2, 3) transition with the single-resonance cycling 5S1/2(F = 2)–5P3/2(F' = 3) transition, we observed the transmittance spectrum due to DROP and EIT. Based on our experimental results investigated according to the laser power (the probe and the coupling) and the coupling laser detuning, we revealed that DROP was significant for the transmittance spectrum. Particularly, in the 5S1/2(F = 2)–5P3/2(F' = 1, 2)–5D3/2(F'' = 1) transition without a cycling transition, we observed the two-photon absorption due to two-photon atomic coherence, when the probe laser power was weak and the coupling laser power was strong.
We experimentally observe the counterintuitive absorption peaks in the transition spectra of 5S 1/2 −5P 3/2 −4D 5/2 and 5S 1/2 −5P 3/2 −4D 3/2 in a hot 85 Rb vapor. These spectra are very different from the spectra observed via double resonance optical pumping or electromagnetically induced transparency in the same transitions. These absorption peaks are from electromagnetically induced absorption due to the two-photon atomic coherence effect. We also investigate the relations between these peaks and the powers of the coupling laser and the probe laser experimentally.