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Optics & Laser Technology

High-precision simultaneous frequency and power stabilization of the pump and probe lasers for SERF co-magnetometers

Zhaoyang Cao, Xinxiu Zhou, Wen-Lei Zhao, Wen Fang Xie, Cong Cao

Published Oct 16, 2025• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114097

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Journal of Physics D Applied Physics•Feb 20, 2023•5 citations
The long-term bias stability of spin-exchange relaxation-free atomic co-magnetometers is significantly constrained by coupled opto-thermal fluctuations. Traditionally, random systemic offsets at the magnetic compensation point lead to inconsistent opto-thermal coupling, compromising the reproducibility of sensor performance. In this work, we propose a method to simultaneously decouple and suppress these primary drifts by precisely characterizing the physical null-point of the atomic ensemble. A combined compensation scheme, joining residual rotation angle alignment and transverse magnetic field adjustment, is implemented to isolate the sensor output from fluctuations in probe laser intensity and vapor cell temperature. Experimental results demonstrate that the sensitivities to temperature drifts and probe power fluctuations are suppressed simultaneously at the identified null-point by factors of 72 and 880, respectively. This approach establishes a stable zero point, which is expected to significantly enhance sensor reproducibility and stability without sacrificing fundamental sensing performance.
Abstract Spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) co-magnetometers have promising applications in both inertial navigation and fundamental physics experiments. However, the fluctuation in the spin polarization caused by the probe beam has a non-negligible influence on the co-magnetometer signal. In this paper, a theoretical model containing three parameters of the probe beam is established by extending the coupled Bloch equation. Based on this model, the influence of probe power density on the transient and steady-state response of the SERF co-magnetometer is analyzed. According to the transient response model, a new measurement method for transverse optical pumping of the probe beam is proposed. Then, for the steady-state response model, a steady-state error suppression method is suggested by adjusting the degree of circular polarization of the probe beam. Eventually, the suppression method is used to refine the SERF co-magnetometer, achieving a suppression rate of 70.31% in transverse electron spin polarization fluctuations, thus improving the co-magnetometer to a stability of 0.0079∘ h−1. To our knowledge, this is better than what has been reported so far.