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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

Compact Atomic Source for Quantum Simulation Experiments : Design and Characterization of a 3D Magneto-Optical Trap for Rb-87 Atoms

G. Ortiz Ugalde, C. J. Ruiz Loredo, Sonia Sánchez, J. M. López Romero, Neil Corzo, K. Jiménez García

Published May 12, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

SummaryWe present the design and characterization of a magneto-optical trap as a compact atomic source for quantum simulation experiments. The trap exhibits a loading rate of 1.07(3)x107atoms/s with a mean atom number of 1.96(6)x109, derived from MOT fluorescence measurements. Fluorescence imaging with a CCD camera determined the 1/e2radius of the 3D MOT to be 1.01(7) mm. Additionally, post-cooling ramps reduced the system's temperature to 13(4) μK. These results highlight the potential of our setup as a robust and compact source for advanced technologies and quantum simulation experiments.

DOI
10.1109/eftf/ifcs64367.2025.11194505

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SummaryWe present the design and characterization of a magneto-optical trap as a compact atomic source for quantum simulation experiments. The trap exhibits a loading rate of 1.07(3)x107atoms/s with a mean atom number of 1.96(6)x109, derived from MOT fluorescence measurements. Fluorescence imaging with a CCD camera determined the 1/e2radius of the 3D MOT to be 1.01(7) mm. Additionally, post-cooling ramps reduced the system's temperature to 13(4) μK. These results highlight the potential of our setup as a robust and compact source for advanced technologies and quantum simulation experiments.
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Cold atoms form the backbone of many quantum technology applications, including quantum computation, sensing, and networking. These experiments require a robust cold atom source, precise control of beam parameters, and large optical access. We demonstrate a compact cesium magneto-optical trap (MOT) directly loaded from background vapor, with a footprint of 34 × 56 cm2. The quadrupole and compensation coils are mounted on additively manufactured components, eliminating the need for water cooling and minimizing eddy currents, which enables fast magnetic field switching with a measured settling time of 240 μs. Finite element analysis confirms the mechanical robustness and thermal stability of the coil mounts. The MOT achieves 5 × 106 atoms at a density of 109 cm-3, with a temperature of 76 ± 2 μK, demonstrating a reliable and compact platform suitable for quantum technology experiments.
This thesis reports on the generation of MOT for laser cooling and trapping of Rubidium 87 atoms. Probe-pump technique have been used in Rb gas cell and doppler free absorption peaks has been observed. Peak at the crossover frequency will be locked for laser cooling and repump beams. This locked freuqency used in MOT to trap Rb atoms. The technique of optical molasses is used to cool the atoms and quadrupole magnetic field applied to confine or trap atoms at the center of MOT. Two chambers are constructed for 2D and 3D MOT with different pressure. Rb atoms loaded efficiently from the high flux cold atom beam generated in a compact 2D MOT. This is the first step of Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC). A performance of 2D MOT was tested by another main chamber of 3D MOT contains 3 pairs of counter-propagating beams. Over 5x10⁶ atoms trapped in a 3D MOT with loading rate of 1:8x10⁶ atoms/sec. This experiment provided an excellent starting point for future experiment on Rydberg atoms in dense ultracold quantum gases.
Abstract The precision measurement of acceleration due to gravity (g) for potential scientific and industrial applications requires the use of absolute quantum gravimeters (AQGs) as quantum sensors. In this study, the development of magneto-optical trap (MOT) for the Rubidium-87 ( 87 Rb) atoms for integration into an atomic gravimeter has been discussed. The MOT serves as a critical component for the cooling and trapping of neutral atoms, providing a high flux, low temperature atomic ensemble for subsequent measurements in cold atomic physics, such as inertial navigation, exploration, and gravity mapping. Our setup emphasizes compactness without compromising atom number or temperature performance using the single 780 nm extended cavity diode laser. We have presented the optimized optical layout for efficient atom cooling, trapping, and detection. The obtained results show atom loading rate of ∼6.02 × 10 8 atoms within 221 ms that provides fast data acquisition for the entire cycle of AQG. The fluorescence signal from free falling MOT is also obtained, which provides time-of-flight of 211 ms and temperature of 57 μK. The system is robust against environmental perturbation and offers valuable insights into the advancement of atomic ensemble for the realization of high precision quantum sensors for geophysical and navigation applications.
A compact cold atom beam source based on a multistage two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (MOT) has been demonstrated and characterized. The multiple-stage design greatly reduces the overall size of the source apparatus while providing a high flux of atoms. The cold atom beam was used to load a separate MOT in ultrahigh vacuum, and we obtained an actual trap loading rate of 1.5 x 109 atoms/s while using only 20 mW of total laser power for the source. The entire source apparatus, including optics, can fit into a 4 cm x 4 cm x 13 cm volume.