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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

Design and Characterization of a Compact 2D Magneto-Optical Trap for Quantum Simulation Experiments

C. J. Ruiz Loredo, G. Ortiz Ugalde, José Mauricio López-Romero, Neil Corzo, Karina Jiménez-García

Published May 12, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This works presents the design, experimental implementation, and characterization of a compact 2D Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT) as a source of cold rubidium-87 atoms at the Quantum Technologies Laboratory in Cinvestav Queretaro. In a small volume vacuum chamber, the setup uses rubidium dispensers near to the trapping region of the 2D MOT and operates at low pressures in the 10-8torr range. The main idea of the 2D MOT is to use it as an atomic compact source for future experiments, such as the demonstration of Bose-Einstein Condensation, quantum simulation, spinor condensates and topological materials, quantum memories, etc.

DOI
10.1109/eftf/ifcs64367.2025.11194644

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This works presents the design, experimental implementation, and characterization of a compact 2D Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT) as a source of cold rubidium-87 atoms at the Quantum Technologies Laboratory in Cinvestav Queretaro. In a small volume vacuum chamber, the setup uses rubidium dispensers near to the trapping region of the 2D MOT and operates at low pressures in the 10-8torr range. The main idea of the 2D MOT is to use it as an atomic compact source for future experiments, such as the demonstration of Bose-Einstein Condensation, quantum simulation, spinor condensates and topological materials, quantum memories, etc.
We report on the design, implementation, and performance of a compact two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (2D MOT) for cesium. In a small-volume vacuum chamber, the setup uses cesium dispensers in close proximity to the trapping region of the 2D MOT and operates at low vapor pressures in the 10−910^{-9}10−9 torr range. We achieve a cold atom flux of 4×1084 \times 10^84×108 atoms/s that is comparable to the performance of more complex atomic sources. The setup is simple to construct and can be adapted to a broad range of atomic species.
This thesis reports on the generation of MOT for laser cooling and trapping of Rubidium 87 atoms. Probe-pump technique have been used in Rb gas cell and doppler free absorption peaks has been observed. Peak at the crossover frequency will be locked for laser cooling and repump beams. This locked freuqency used in MOT to trap Rb atoms. The technique of optical molasses is used to cool the atoms and quadrupole magnetic field applied to confine or trap atoms at the center of MOT. Two chambers are constructed for 2D and 3D MOT with different pressure. Rb atoms loaded efficiently from the high flux cold atom beam generated in a compact 2D MOT. This is the first step of Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC). A performance of 2D MOT was tested by another main chamber of 3D MOT contains 3 pairs of counter-propagating beams. Over 5x10⁶ atoms trapped in a 3D MOT with loading rate of 1:8x10⁶ atoms/sec. This experiment provided an excellent starting point for future experiment on Rydberg atoms in dense ultracold quantum gases.
SummaryWe present the design and characterization of a magneto-optical trap as a compact atomic source for quantum simulation experiments. The trap exhibits a loading rate of 1.07(3)x107atoms/s with a mean atom number of 1.96(6)x109, derived from MOT fluorescence measurements. Fluorescence imaging with a CCD camera determined the 1/e2radius of the 3D MOT to be 1.01(7) mm. Additionally, post-cooling ramps reduced the system's temperature to 13(4) μK. These results highlight the potential of our setup as a robust and compact source for advanced technologies and quantum simulation experiments.
Integrating two chemically distinct atomic species into a miniaturized, high-flux cold-atom source is a key challenge for modern experiments with ultracold atomic mixtures and polar molecules. Here, we report a compact setup with in-series two-dimensional magneto-optical traps (2D MOTs) that provides high-flux cold lithium and rubidium atoms. Thanks to the efficient short-distance Zeeman slowing, the maximum 3D MOT loading rate of lithium atoms reaches a record value of 6.6 × 10 9 atoms/s at a moderate lithium-oven temperature of 372 degrees Celsius, which is 44 times higher than that without the Zeeman slowing light. The flux of rubidium is also as high as 2.3 × 10 9 atoms/s with the rubidium oven held at room temperature. Meanwhile, the entire vacuum-chamber system, including an ultra-high-vacuum science cell, is within a small volume of 65 × 55 × 70 cm 3 . Our work represents a substantial improvement over traditional bulky and complex dual-species cold-atom setups. It provides a good starting point for the fast production of a double-degenerate lithium-rubidium atomic mixture and large samples of ultracold lithium-rubidium ground-state molecules.
Integrating two chemically distinct atomic species into a miniaturized, high-flux cold-atom source is a key challenge for modern experiments with ultracold atomic mixtures and polar molecules.Here, we report a compact setup with in-series two-dimensional magneto-optical traps (2D MOTs) that provides high-flux cold lithium and rubidium atoms.Thanks to the efficient short-distance Zeeman slowing, the maximum 3D MOT loading rate of lithium atoms reaches a record value of 6.6 × 10 9 atoms/s at a moderate lithium-oven temperature of 372 degrees Celsius, which is 44 times higher than that without the Zeeman slowing light.The flux of rubidium is also as high as 2.3 × 10 9 atoms/s with the rubidium oven held at room temperature.Meanwhile, the entire vacuum-chamber system, including an ultra-high-vacuum science cell, is within a small volume of 65 × 55 × 70 cm 3 .Our work represents a substantial improvement over traditional bulky and complex dual-species cold-atom setups.It provides a good starting point for the fast production of a double-degenerate lithium-rubidium atomic mixture and large samples of ultracold lithium-rubidium ground-state molecules.
This thesis describes the design, construction and optimisation of two compact \nsetups to produce ⁸⁷Rb Bose-Einstein condensates and dual ⁷Li-⁸⁷Rb Magneto-Optical Traps (MOTs). The motivation for compact systems is to have simplified \nsystems to cool the atoms. The first experimental setup is based on a single pyrex \nglass cell without the need for atom chips. Fast evaporation will be achieved in a hybrid trap comprising of a magnetic quadrupole trap and an optical dipole trap \ncreated by a Nd:YVO4 laser and with future plans of using a Spatial Light Modulator \n(SLM). To enhance an efficient and rapid evaporation, we have investigated Light-Induced Atomic Desorption (LIAD) to modulate the Rb partial pressure during the cooling and trapping stage. With this technique, a ⁸⁷Rb MOT of 7 x 10⁷ atoms was loaded by shining violet light from a LED source into the glass cell, whose walls are coated with rubidium atoms. The atoms were then cooled by optical molasses and then loaded into a magnetic trap where lifetime measurements demonstrated that LIAD improves on magnetically-trapped atoms loaded from constant background pressure by a factor of six. This is quite encouraging and opens the possibility to do a rapid evaporation. In a second experiment, we have designed a compact system based on a stainless steel chamber to trap either ⁷Li or ⁶Li atoms in a MOT loaded from alkali-metal dispensers without the need of conventional oven-Zeeman slower. This setup can also load ⁸⁷Rb atoms, allowing future projects to simultaneously produce degenerate quantum gases of bosonic ⁸⁷Rb and fermionic ⁶Li atoms.